Cisco Networking Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)?

  • Assign a static IP address to devices
  • Determine the best path to a network
  • Dynamically assign IP address information to hosts (correct)
  • Provide console access to routers

    • What is the purpose of a console cable in networking?

  • To establish a connection to a router for configuration (correct)
  • To transfer data between devices
  • To connect devices to a network
  • To provide power to devices

    • What is the primary factor in determining the best path to a network?

  • Cost based on cumulative bandwidth
  • Administrative Distance (correct)
  • Bandwidth
  • Hop count

    • What happens when a router has two or more paths to a destination with equal cost metrics?

    <p>The router forwards packets using both paths equally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Administrative Distance in routing?

    <p>To determine the trustworthiness of a route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when multiple paths to a destination are configured on a router?

    <p>The router installs the path with the best Administrative Distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Routing Information Protocol (RIP)?

    <p>To determine the best path to a network based on hop count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)?

    <p>To determine the cost of a path based on cumulative bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of using static routing over dynamic routing?

    <p>It uses less bandwidth and CPU cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using static routing?

    <p>It requires administrator intervention to maintain changing route information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary use of static routing?

    <p>Routing to and from stub networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a dynamic IPv4 routing protocol?

    <p>EIGRP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of dynamic routing over static routing?

    <p>It is more scalable with growing networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of static routing?

    <p>Initial configuration and maintenance is time-consuming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a dynamic IPv6 routing protocol?

    <p>EIGRP for IPv6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is static routing not suitable for large networks?

    <p>Maintenance becomes cumbersome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the trustworthiness of a route?

    <p>The administrative distance of the route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of route is added to the routing table when an interface is configured and active?

    <p>Directly connected route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the show ip route command?

    <p>To display the contents of the routing table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of using static routes?

    <p>Improved security and control of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a default static route?

    <p>To route traffic to any unknown destination network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of dynamic routing protocols?

    <p>To perform network discovery and maintain routing tables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a static route when the topology changes?

    <p>The route must be manually updated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the command to configure a static route to a specific network?

    <p>ip route network mask {exit-intf | next-hop-ip}</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using CIDR in route summarization?

    <p>It ignores the limitation of classful boundaries and allows for more specific subnet masks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of dynamic routing protocols?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of routing information between routers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of routing protocol messages in dynamic routing protocols?

    <p>To exchange routing information and learn about the network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of route summarization?

    <p>It reduces the number of entries in routing updates and lowers the number of entries in local routing tables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of dynamic routing protocols that stores routing information?

    <p>Data structures such as tables or databases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dynamic routing protocols in maintaining up-to-date routing information?

    <p>To maintain up-to-date routing information and choose the best path to destination networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between dynamic routing protocols and static routes?

    <p>Dynamic routing protocols are used to facilitate the exchange of routing information, while static routes are configured manually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of supernetting in route summarization?

    <p>To ignore the limitation of classful boundaries and allow for summarization with masks that are smaller than that of the default classful mask.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between IGP and EGP routing protocols?

    <p>IGP is used for routing within an AS, while EGP is used for routing between AS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of distance vector routing protocols?

    <p>They use routers as sign posts along the path to the final destination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of modern routing protocols such as EIGRP and OSPF?

    <p>They converge more quickly than older protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of RIP?

    <p>To provide a simple distance vector routing protocol for IPv4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between RIPv1 and RIPv2?

    <p>RIPv1 is an older protocol, while RIPv2 is a newer protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of link-state routing protocols?

    <p>They use link-state advertisements to calculate optimal paths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of EIGRP?

    <p>It is an advanced version of distance vector routing protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of IS-IS?

    <p>To provide an interior gateway protocol for IPv4 and IPv6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dynamic IP Address Assignment

    • IP address information is dynamically assigned by a server using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
    • Most hosts acquire their IP address information through DHCP, which can be provided by Cisco routers

    Connect Devices

    • Console access requires a console cable (RJ-45-to-DB-9) and terminal emulation software (Tera Term, PuTTY, HyperTerminal)

    Path Determination

    • Best path is selected by a routing protocol based on the value or metric it uses to determine the distance to reach a network
    • A metric is the value used to measure the distance to a given network
    • Best path to a network is the path with the lowest metric
    • Dynamic routing protocols use their own rules and metrics to build and update routing tables
    • Examples of dynamic routing protocols include:
      • Routing Information Protocol (RIP) - Hop count
      • Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) - Cost based on cumulative bandwidth from source to destination
      • Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) - Bandwidth, delay, load, reliability

    Load Balancing

    • When a router has two or more paths to a destination with equal cost metrics, the router forwards the packets using both paths equally

    Administrative Distance

    • If multiple paths to a destination are configured on a router, the path installed in the routing table is the one with the best (lowest) Administrative Distance (AD)
    • Administrative Distance is the “trustworthiness” of the route
    • The Lower the AD the more trustworthy the route

    The Routing Table

    • Routing Table is a file stored in RAM that contains information about directly connected routes, remote routes, and network or next hop associations
    • Show ip route command is used to display the contents of the routing table
    • Link local interfaces and directly connected interfaces are added to the routing table when an interface is configured and active
    • Static routes and dynamic routing protocols (EIGRP or OSPF) can also add routes to the routing table

    Directly Connected Routes

    • A newly deployed router, without any configured interfaces, has an empty routing table
    • An active, configured directly connected interface creates two routing table entries: Link Local (L) and Directly Connected (C)

    Statically Learned Routes

    • Manually configured routes define an explicit path between two networking devices and must be manually updated if the topology changes
    • Benefits include improved security and control of resources

    Dynamic Routing Protocols

    • Used by routers to share information about the reachability and status of remote networks
    • Performs network discovery and maintaining routing tables
    • Examples of dynamic routing protocols include:
      • EIGRP
      • OSPF
      • IS-IS
      • RIP

    IPv4 and IPv6 Routing Protocols

    • Cisco ISR routers can support various dynamic IPv4 and IPv6 routing protocols, including:
      • IPv4: EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, RIP
      • IPv6: RIPng, OSPFv3, EIGRP for IPv6, MP-BGP4

    Static Routing

    • A router can learn about remote networks in one of two ways:
      • Manually - Remote networks are manually entered into the route table using static routes
      • Dynamically - Remote routes are automatically learned using a dynamic routing protocol

    Advantages of Static Routing

    • Provides better security since static routes are not advertised over the network
    • Uses less bandwidth than dynamic routing protocols and no CPU cycles are used to calculate and communicate routes
    • The path a static route uses to send data is known

    Disadvantages of Static Routing

    • Initial configuration and maintenance is time-consuming
    • Configuration is error-prone, especially in large networks
    • Administrator intervention is required to maintain changing route information
    • Does not scale well with growing networks; maintenance becomes cumbersome
    • Requires complete knowledge of the whole network for proper implementation

    When to Use Static Routes

    • Providing ease of routing table maintenance in smaller networks that are not expected to grow significantly
    • Routing to and from stub networks
    • Fully specified static route - The next-hop IP address and exit interface are specified

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of networking with Cisco, including dynamically assigned IP addresses, console access, and path determination.

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