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Questions and Answers
What is the first step in configuring NAT with a specified pool on R2?
What is the first step in configuring NAT with a specified pool on R2?
- Set the netmask for the NAT pool
- Configure the NAT pool (correct)
- Assign the NAT pool to an interface
- Define an access list for NAT
What occurs when PAT encounters two packets with the same source port from different hosts?
What occurs when PAT encounters two packets with the same source port from different hosts?
- PAT assigns a new unique port to the second packet (correct)
- Both packets are dropped
- The packets are forwarded without modification
- The first packet is modified with a lower priority
Which command correctly permits traffic from the specified network to use the defined NAT pool?
Which command correctly permits traffic from the specified network to use the defined NAT pool?
- access-list 1 deny any
- interface NAT-POOL2 ip nat inside
- ip nat inside source list 1 pool NAT-POOL2 overload (correct)
- permit ip any any
How does R2 modify the packets from PC1 before forwarding them to Svr1?
How does R2 modify the packets from PC1 before forwarding them to Svr1?
What is the purpose of the command 'ip nat inside' on the interface serial0/1/0?
What is the purpose of the command 'ip nat inside' on the interface serial0/1/0?
What does IP NAT overload allow in a NAT configuration?
What does IP NAT overload allow in a NAT configuration?
What is the significance of the netmask 255.255.255.224 in the NAT pool configuration?
What is the significance of the netmask 255.255.255.224 in the NAT pool configuration?
During packet forwarding, which address does R2 use as the 'inside global address' for PC2?
During packet forwarding, which address does R2 use as the 'inside global address' for PC2?
What is a primary characteristic of Static NAT?
What is a primary characteristic of Static NAT?
Which statement is true regarding Dynamic NAT?
Which statement is true regarding Dynamic NAT?
How does Port Address Translation (PAT) identify specific NAT translations?
How does Port Address Translation (PAT) identify specific NAT translations?
What requirement must be fulfilled for both Static and Dynamic NAT operations?
What requirement must be fulfilled for both Static and Dynamic NAT operations?
What is the main advantage of using PAT in a network?
What is the main advantage of using PAT in a network?
Which of the following best describes the process of packet forwarding in Static NAT?
Which of the following best describes the process of packet forwarding in Static NAT?
In which scenario is Dynamic NAT preferred over Static NAT?
In which scenario is Dynamic NAT preferred over Static NAT?
What disadvantage can arise from using PAT?
What disadvantage can arise from using PAT?
What is the primary purpose of the command 'ip nat pool NAT-POOL1 209.165.200.226 209.165.200.240 netmask 255.255.255.224'?
What is the primary purpose of the command 'ip nat pool NAT-POOL1 209.165.200.226 209.165.200.240 netmask 255.255.255.224'?
Which command specifies that an interface is part of the inside network for NAT?
Which command specifies that an interface is part of the inside network for NAT?
During the dynamic NAT process, what happens when R2 receives the first packet from PC1?
During the dynamic NAT process, what happens when R2 receives the first packet from PC1?
What is required to allow PC1 and PC2's packets to be translated?
What is required to allow PC1 and PC2's packets to be translated?
What does the command 'access-list 1 permit 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255' accomplish in this configuration?
What does the command 'access-list 1 permit 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255' accomplish in this configuration?
When PC2 sends a packet after PC1, which global address will R2 assign to PC2's outgoing packet?
When PC2 sends a packet after PC1, which global address will R2 assign to PC2's outgoing packet?
What must be identified as step 4 when configuring dynamic NAT translations?
What must be identified as step 4 when configuring dynamic NAT translations?
In translating the packet from PC1 to a global address, what does R2 replace?
In translating the packet from PC1 to a global address, what does R2 replace?
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Study Notes
NAT Configuration Commands
- Define NAT pool named NAT-POOL2 with IP range 209.165.200.226 to 209.165.200.240 and subnet mask 255.255.255.224.
- Create an access list (ACL 1) to permit the range 192.168.0.0/16 for NAT translation.
- Configure NAT to translate inside local addresses from the specified access list using NAT-POOL2 with overload.
- Specify the interface serial0/1/0 as inside NAT.
- Specify the same interface as outside NAT for external traffic.
Packet Analysis in PAT
- PC1 and PC2 send packets to servers Svr1 and Svr2.
- First packet from PC1 is processed by R2, changing its source IP to the inside global address 209.165.200.225 before forwarding.
- PC2's packet reaches R2 next; PAT modifies its source IP to 209.165.200.225.
- Since PC2 shares the same source port as PC1, PAT increments the port number to ensure uniqueness, e.g., 1445.
Types of NAT
Static NAT
- Establishes a one-to-one mapping of local and global addresses maintained by the network administrator.
- Useful for servers needing a permanent address accessible from the internet.
- Requires sufficient public IP addresses to accommodate all simultaneous sessions.
Dynamic NAT
- Utilizes a pool of public IP addresses assigned on a first-come, first-served basis.
- When an internal device requests external access, an available IP from the pool is assigned.
- Like Static NAT, it requires enough public addresses for simultaneous sessions.
Port Address Translation (PAT)
- Also known as NAT overload, allowing multiple private IPs to map to a single public IP.
- Relies on unique source port numbers for each session, enabling differentiation of sessions within the same translated public IP.
Dynamic NAT Configuration Steps
- Identify interfaces designated as inside and outside for NAT functionality.
- Example commands include defining a NAT pool, creating an access list, and specifying NAT settings for interfaces.
Dynamic NAT Translation Process
- Upon packet reception from PC1 and PC2 requesting server connections, R2 checks the ACL to determine if translation is needed.
- First packet from PC1 is identified, and R2 assigns an available global IP from its pool, translating the inside source IP (e.g., 192.168.10.10) to a global address like 209.165.200.226.
- The same translation occurs for the next PC, with each packet being routed with its new global address.
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