24 Questions
What is the primary function of apoptosis in biological processes?
To regulate cell growth and death
What is the result of suppressing apoptosis in certain cell types?
Accumulation of cells
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes apoptosis from necrosis?
Morphologic criteria
What is the common cause of cholestasis?
Drug-induced toxicity
What is the result of cholestasis?
Retention of bile salts and bilirubin accumulation
What is the primary cause of hepatitis?
Viral infection
What is the characteristic of cirrhosis?
Deposition of collagen throughout the liver
What is the incidence of chemical-induced hepatitis?
Very low
What is the primary function of the liver regarding glucose?
Converting glucose to glycogen for storage
Why is the liver often the target organ for chemically induced injuries?
Because it is the first organ perfused by chemicals absorbed in the gut
What is the primary function of the cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase system in the liver?
To metabolize xenobiotics and facilitate detoxification
What is the primary mechanism of fatty liver disease?
Impaired release of triglycerides from the liver into the plasma
What is the result of an oversupply of free fatty acids from adipose tissues?
Increased lipid accumulation in the liver
What is the function of the hepatic portal vein in relation to xenobiotics?
To transport xenobiotics from the gut to the liver
What is the primary factor that determines the type of liver injury?
All of the above
What is the result of impaired release of triglycerides from the liver into the plasma?
Increased lipid accumulation in the liver
What causes cirrhosis in most cases?
Chronic chemical injury
What is the role of fibrous material in cirrhosis?
It causes restrictions in blood flow and liver function
Which is the most common cause of cirrhosis in humans?
Chronic use of ethanol
What is the most common type of primary liver tumor?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Which naturally occurring substances are known liver carcinogens?
Aflatoxin and safrole
What is the most notable case of occupation-related liver cancer in humans?
Angiosarcoma among vinyl chloride-exposed workers
What is a key characteristic of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as a hepatotoxicant?
It is activated by cytochrome P450 to form reactive free radicals
What happens when carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is metabolized in the liver?
It forms the trichloromethyl radical (CCl3̊)
This quiz explores the causes and effects of cirrhosis, including chronic chemical injury, fibrous material accumulation, and liver failure. Learn about the role of ethanol in cirrhosis development.
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