Circulatory Systems: Venous Return and Blood Vessels

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of veins in the systemic circuit?

To filter out toxins from the blood

To carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the organs

To return deoxygenated blood from the organs back to the heart (correct)

To regulate blood pressure in the body

What is the significance of valves in veins?

To regulate blood flow to different organs

To prevent backflow of blood (correct)

To increase blood pressure in the body

To filter out waste products from the blood

What are tributaries in the context of veins?

Smaller veins that branch off from larger veins (correct)

Arteries that branch into smaller arterioles

Veins that drain into the heart

Larger veins that drain into smaller veins

What is unique about the organization of veins compared to arteries?

It doesn't matter how the blood makes it back to the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dural venous sinuses?

To receive venous blood from smaller veins in the brain Signup and view all the answers

Why are valves necessary in veins?

Because veins work against gravity Signup and view all the answers

What helps to get blood back to the heart?

Contraction of skeletal muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between deep veins and superficial veins?

Deep veins have the same names as arteries, while superficial veins have new names Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of contraction of surrounding skeletal muscle in blood flow in the extremities?

To compensate for the much lower pressure Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the blood drained from the digestive system organs in the abdomen and pelvis?

It goes to the liver for filtration through the hepatic portal vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the two veins that collect blood from the brain and empty into the subclavian vein?

Internal and External Jugular Veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the vein that drains the upper extremity and crosses the first rib to become the subclavian vein?

Axillary Vein Signup and view all the answers

Which veins combine to empty into the hepatic portal vein?

Superior mesenteric veins and splenic vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the vein that receives blood from the Brachial Vein?

Axillary Vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the common hepatic artery?

To bring oxygen to the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the vein that travels medially from the hand to the forearm and empties into the Axillary Vein?

Basilic Vein Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the hepatic veins?

They are shorter and larger Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the vein that drains the thoracic cavity?

Azygos Vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the path of blood flow from the lower extremity?

Popliteal vein to femoral vein to external iliac vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the vein that drains blood from the liver into the Inferior Vena Cava?

Hepatic Vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the dorsal venous arch?

To drain blood from the foot to the knee Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the vein that drains blood from the kidneys into the Inferior Vena Cava?

Renal Vein Signup and view all the answers

Where does the inferior mesenteric vein empty?

Into the splenic vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Hepatic Portal System?

To ensure that nutrients are properly absorbed from the digestive system Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the lesser saphenous vein?

From the foot to the knee Signup and view all the answers

Why is the left adrenal vein unique?

It drains into the left renal vein Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Venous Return

Returns blood to the heart, represented in blue, carries deoxygenated blood
Have valves to ensure blood flows unidirectionally
Have tributaries, smaller veins that combine to form a larger vein

Organization of Veins

Organized into 3 groups:
- Dural venous sinuses: large veins in the brain, empty into internal jugular veins
- Deep veins: named similarly to arteries, located in the same location as arteries
- Superficial veins: have new names, carry deoxygenated blood, have valves to prevent backflow

Veins of the Head and Neck

Dural venous sinuses collect blood from the brain and empty into internal jugular veins
Internal jugular veins drain the brain and empty into the subclavian vein
External jugular veins drain the external head, neck, and face and empty into the subclavian vein
Axillary vein drains the upper extremity and crosses the first rib to become the subclavian vein
Subclavian vein drains into the right and left brachiocephalic veins, which give rise to the superior vena cava that empties into the right atrium of the heart

Veins of the Thorax

Right and left common iliac veins travel with the CIA and give rise to the inferior vena cava
Right common iliac vein can go through IVC or right ascending lumbar vein
IVC passes through the diaphragm and empties into the right atrium
SVC empties into the right atrium
Right and left ascending lumbar veins travel next to the IVC
Right ascending lumbar vein passes through the aortic hiatus and becomes the Azygos vein
Azygos vein is a major vein that drains the thoracic cavity, unpaired, and drains to the SVC posteriorly

Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis

4 pairs of lumbar veins that pass through the ascending lumbar veins in the IVC
Right and left inferior phrenic vein drain to the inferior surface of the diaphragm
Right and left hepatic veins drain the liver into the IVC
Right and left renal veins drain blood from the ipsilateral kidney into the IVC
Right suprarenal/adrenal vein drains into the right renal vein into IVC
Left adrenal vein drains into the left renal vein, which empties into the IVC
Right and left gonadal veins drain into the IVC or left renal vein

Hepatic Portal System

Veins from the digestive tract, spleen, and pancreas do not empty directly into the IVC, but into the hepatic portal vein
Hepatic portal vein collects blood from the digestive system and filters it through the liver before it empties into the IVC
Right and left hepatic veins empty into the IVC
Digestive system organs in the abdomen and pelvis drain into the hepatic portal vein that goes to the liver before it empties into the IVC

Veins of the Lower Extremity

Right and left lower extremity drain blood into the right and left common iliac veins
Common iliac veins are formed by the union of the external iliac vein and internal iliac vein or hypogastric vein
Femoral vein empties into the external iliac vein, receiving from the popliteal vein
Popliteal vein is formed by the union of anterior and posterior tibial veins
Medial and plantar veins unite to empty into the posterior tibial vein, both receiving from the plantar venous arch
Dorsal venous arch drains through 2 large superficial veins, the greater saphenous vein and lesser saphenous vein

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Description

Learn about the circulatory system, focusing on venous return and blood vessels in the systemic circuit. Understand the role of veins and their characteristics.