14 Questions
What is the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
To bind to oxygen forming oxyhemoglobin
Platelets are whole cells.
False
What is the primary function of white blood cells?
Producing antibodies and part of the immune system
The liquid component of blood that transports dissolved substances is called ____________________.
plasma
Match the following components of blood with their functions:
Red Blood Cells = Transport oxygen from the lungs to body cells White Blood Cells = Part of the immune system and producing antibodies Platelets = Aid in blood clotting Plasma = Transport dissolved substances throughout the body
What is a risk associated with blood transfusions?
All of the above
What is the main difference between the circulatory system in fish and humans?
Type of circulatory system (single or double)
The right ventricle pumps blood to the body.
False
What is the function of the vena cava?
Brings deoxygenated blood to the heart
The _______________________ artery carries blood to the lungs.
pulmonary
Match the following blood vessels with their functions:
Aorta = Pumps blood to the body Pulmonary vein = Returns oxygenated blood to the heart Vena cava = Brings deoxygenated blood to the heart Pulmonary artery = Carries blood to the lungs
What is the main function of the coronary arteries?
Supply oxygen to the heart muscle
Arteries have thin walls.
False
What is the main function of capillaries?
Exchange substances between blood and cells
Study Notes
Circulation in Fish and Humans
- Fish have a single circulatory system, where deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the gills, and then oxygenated blood passes from the gills to the organs.
- In contrast, humans have a double circulatory system, where deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs, and then oxygenated blood returns to the heart and is pumped to the organs.
Structure of the Heart
- The heart has four chambers: left and right atria (top) and left and right ventricles (bottom).
- Valves separate the atria from the ventricles.
- The left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle, as it pumps blood to the body.
Blood Vessels
- The vena cava brings deoxygenated blood to the heart.
- The pulmonary artery carries blood to the lungs.
- The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood to the heart.
- The aorta pumps blood to the body.
Blood Flow Pattern
- Blood enters the left and right atria, and then contracts to force blood into the ventricles.
- The ventricles contract to force blood out, with valves preventing backflow.
Coronary Arteries
- Coronary arteries branch from the aorta and supply oxygen to the heart muscle.
Pacemaker
- A group of cells in the right atrium controls the heart rate.
- An artificial pacemaker can correct irregular heart rates if necessary.
Blood Components
- Plasma is the liquid component of blood, transporting dissolved substances such as glucose, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
Red Blood Cells
- Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to body cells.
- They contain hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen forming oxyhemoglobin.
- They have a biconcave shape, increasing surface area for rapid oxygen diffusion.
White Blood Cells
- White blood cells are part of the immune system, producing antibodies.
- They contain a nucleus with DNA instructions for immune functions.
Platelets
- Platelets are fragments of cells that aid in blood clotting.
Uses and Risks of Blood Products
- Donated blood can replace blood lost during injury, and platelets from blood help in clotting.
- Proteins such as antibodies can be extracted for medical uses.
- However, there is a risk of infection from blood transfusion, and blood type must be matched to prevent immune rejection.
This quiz covers the circulatory systems in fish and humans, including single and double circulatory systems and the structure of the heart.
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