32 Questions
What is the function of chordae tendineae?
Prevent valve prolapse by anchoring the valve cusps
Which arteries branch off the ascending aorta?
Coronary arteries
Which valve prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle?
Mitral valve
What is the thickest layer of the heart wall?
Myocardium
Which veins drain blood from the brain, head, and neck?
Jugular veins
What is the primary function of capillaries?
Exchange gases and nutrients with tissues
What prevents overfilling of the heart with blood?
Pericardium
Which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall?
Left ventricle
What is the function of the atrioventricular node?
Sends out a stimulus causing the atria to contract
What type of blood vessels are the superior and inferior vena cava?
Veins
Which blood vessels are part of the pulmonary circuit?
Pulmonary arteries and veins
What are the two main components of the circulatory system?
Cardiovascular system and lymphatic system
What is the function of the hepatic portal system?
Connects capillaries of the digestive organs to the liver
What is the function of the pericardium?
Protects and anchors the heart
What bypasses the lungs in fetal circulation?
Foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus
How many layers does the heart wall have?
Three
Which valve prevents the backflow of blood into the right ventricle?
Pulmonary valve
What does the right ventricle pump blood into?
Pulmonary trunk
Which layer of the heart wall is composed of cardiac muscle?
Myocardium
Which vessels return blood to the heart?
Veins
How many chambers does the heart have?
Four
Which chamber of the heart receives oxygen-rich blood from the pulmonary veins?
Left atrium
What is the function of the chordae tendineae?
Prevents the atrioventricular valves from prolapsing into the ventricles
What is the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node?
Sends out a stimulus causing the atria to contract
Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cava?
Right atrium
Which artery supplies blood to the heart itself?
Coronary artery
What prevents the backflow of blood in the heart?
Valves
Which valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
Mitral valve
What is the largest artery in the systemic circuit?
Aorta
Where does the exchange of gases and nutrients occur?
Capillaries
Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the aorta?
Left ventricle
Study Notes
Cardiovascular System
- The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
- It is divided into two main components: cardiovascular system and lymphatic system.
Heart Structure
- The heart is located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs.
- The heart wall has three layers: epicardium (outer layer), myocardium (middle layer composed of cardiac muscle), and endocardium (inner layer).
- The heart has four chambers: right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle.
Heart Function
- The sinoatrial (SA) node sends out a stimulus causing the atria to contract.
- The atrioventricular (AV) node generates electrical impulses that signal the ventricles to contract.
- The right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk, while the left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta.
- The tricuspid valve prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium, and the mitral valve prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium.
Blood Vessels
- Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood back to the heart.
- The superior and inferior vena cava are veins that return blood to the heart.
- The pulmonary arteries and veins are part of the pulmonary circuit.
- The hepatic portal system connects capillaries of the digestive organs to the liver.
- The umbilical arteries and veins carry blood to and from the placenta in fetal circulation.
Blood Circulation
- Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cava.
- Oxygen-rich blood from the pulmonary veins enters the left atrium.
- The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart itself, and the coronary veins drain blood from the heart.
- The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle.
Fetal Circulation
- The foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus bypass the lungs in fetal circulation.
- The umbilical arteries and veins carry blood to and from the placenta.
- The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta in fetal circulation.
This quiz tests your knowledge of the circulatory system, including blood vessels, heart function, and blood flow. Topics include the role of the atria, ventricles, and blood vessels in the circulatory process.
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