Circulatory System Quiz
37 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of macrophages?

  • Transport oxygen
  • Digest microorganisms (correct)
  • Form blood clots
  • Produce antibodies

Platelets are larger cells that help in the formation of blood clots.

False (B)

What do lymphocytes produce to fight disease?

Antibodies

Arteries take blood ______ from the heart.

<p>away</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of blood with their primary functions:

<p>Red Blood Cells = Carry oxygen White Blood Cells = Protect from disease Platelets = Help in blood clotting Plasma = Transport nutrients and waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the circulatory system?

<p>To circulate oxygen rich blood to cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The heart is smaller than the fist of an average adult.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many times does the average heart beat each day?

<p>More than 100,000 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

Type O is considered the __________ donor.

<p>universal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following blood types with their descriptions:

<p>Type O = Universal donor Type AB = Universal recipient Type A = Can receive Type A and O Type B = Can receive Type B and O</p> Signup and view all the answers

What functions does the circulatory system perform?

<p>Transport of hormones and oxygenated blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The aorta is the largest vein in the body.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the components of the circulatory system?

<p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

What separates the right and left sides of the heart?

<p>Septum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The inferior vena cava carries oxygenated blood from the body to the heart.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two upper chambers of the heart called?

<p>Atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

The major artery that carries clean blood from the heart to the body is the _____

<p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following blood vessels with their functions:

<p>Artery = Carries blood away from the heart Vein = Carries blood to the heart Capillary = Connects arteries and veins Pulmonary Veins = Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which step does the heart muscle relax and blood flows into the atria?

<p>Step One (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ventricles during the contraction phase?

<p>They force blood to leave the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the 'lubb' heart sound?

<p>Closing of AV valves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The diastolic blood pressure is the pressure when the heart is contracting during blood pumping.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is used to measure blood pressure?

<p>Sphygmomanometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main function of red blood cells is to carry _______ to the cells.

<p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following blood pressure categories with their corresponding values:

<p>Normal = Less than 120 systolic, less than 80 diastolic Prehypertension = 120-139 systolic, 80-89 diastolic Stage 1 Hypertension = 140-159 systolic, 90-99 diastolic Stage 2 Hypertension = 160 or higher systolic, 100 or higher diastolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood cell contains a biconcave disc shape?

<p>Red blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lymphocytes and macrophages are types of red blood cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component of blood is responsible for clotting?

<p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the valves in veins?

<p>To prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Atherosclerosis leads to a decrease in blood pressure.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average heart rate for a healthy adult at rest?

<p>60-80 beats/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

The thick outer wall of an artery is made of __________ tissues.

<p>epithelial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the circulatory system with their functions:

<p>Arteries = Carry blood away from the heart Veins = Carry blood toward the heart Capillaries = Exchange materials between blood and cells SA-Node = Regulates heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes veins to enlarge and potentially lead to varicose veins?

<p>Weak valve function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Capillaries have thick walls to handle high blood pressure.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The body's pulse is detected by taking the blood flow from the __________ artery.

<p>radial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the heart?

The organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. It's located in the chest cavity and is made of cardiac muscle that contracts rhythmically.

What is the circulatory system?

The system that transports blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste products.

What is an artery?

A type of blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to other parts of the body. It's usually thick-walled and carries oxygenated blood.

What is a vein?

A type of blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart from other parts of the body. It's usually thinner-walled than an artery and carries deoxygenated blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the aorta?

The largest artery in the body, originating from the heart and carrying oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the Pulmonary Circuit?

The system of blood vessels that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and returns oxygenated blood to the heart.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the Systemic Circuit?

The system of blood vessels that carries oxygenated blood to the organs of the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the universal donor blood type?

The blood type that can be donated to individuals with any blood type.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Septum

The wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pericardium

A tough sac that surrounds and protects the heart.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atria

The two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ventricles

The two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aorta

The largest artery in the body that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Superior Vena Cava

A large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inferior Vena Cava

A large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are platelets?

Tiny cell fragments that help blood clot by producing fibrinogen fibres to trap other blood cells and form a net.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is plasma?

A straw-colored liquid that carries blood cells and platelets. It also contains important substances like oxygen, nutrients, and waste products.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do some lymphocytes fight disease?

White blood cells that fight disease by creating antibodies to destroy invaders or by making antitoxins to neutralize poisons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are arteries?

These vessels carry blood away from the heart and have thick, elastic walls.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are veins?

These vessels carry blood back to the heart and contain valves to prevent backflow.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What causes "lubb-dubb" heart sounds?

The closing of the heart valves creates the "lubb-dubb" sound. The "lubb" is caused by the closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves, which occurs when the ventricles contract and pressure increases. The "dubb" is caused by the closure of the semilunar valves, which occurs when the ventricles relax and pressure decreases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do we hear heart sounds?

A stethoscope is used to listen to the sounds of the heart, specifically the "lubb-dubb" sounds caused by the closing of the valves.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is diastole?

The phase where the atria relax and fill with blood, preparing for the next contraction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is systole?

The phase where the ventricles contract, pumping blood out into the arteries.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is blood pressure?

The force of the blood pushing against the walls of the arteries. It is measured using a sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) and a stethoscope.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is systolic blood pressure?

The pressure recorded when the heart is contracting and pumping blood. This is the higher number in a blood pressure reading.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is diastolic blood pressure?

The pressure recorded when the heart is relaxed between beats. This is the lower number in a blood pressure reading.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is hypertension?

A condition where the blood pressure consistently remains high, exceeding the normal range. It is categorized into stages based on the severity of the pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is a disease that affects the arteries. It occurs when fat deposits accumulate on the inner walls of arteries, forming plaques. This buildup narrows the artery's channel, increasing blood pressure and the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and kidney damage.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are capillaries?

Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. They are responsible for the exchange of materials between blood and other body cells. Their walls are only one cell thick, allowing easy diffusion of nutrients and waste products.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the sinoatrial node (SA node)?

The sinoatrial (SA) node, also known as the pacemaker, is located in the right atrium of the heart. It sets the heart rate by initiating electrical impulses that cause the heart to contract and pump blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the pulse?

The pulse is a rhythmic wave of blood pressure created by each contraction of the heart that can be felt at different points on the body. It is usually measured by palpating the radial artery at the wrist or the carotid artery in the neck.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is heart rate?

The heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute. It is normally measured by taking the pulse. A healthy adult typically has a resting heart rate of 60 to 80 beats per minute.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are varicose veins and spider veins?

Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that often occur in the legs. They can be caused by weak valves within the veins, which allow blood to pool and create pressure. Spider veins are similar to varicose veins but are much smaller and appear as red or blue lines on the skin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Circulatory System Overview

  • The heart is the hardest working muscle in the body, even at rest.
  • At rest, the heart works harder than leg muscles during a sprint.
  • The heart is about the size of a clenched fist.
  • A typical heart beats over 100,000 times each day.
  • The average body has approximately 100,000 kilometers of blood vessels.
  • The aorta, the largest artery, has a diameter almost the same as a garden hose
  • In a day, blood travels about 19,000 kilometers through the body.
  • A red blood cell can completely circulate the body in roughly 20 seconds.
  • There are four major blood groups: A, B, AB, and O.
  • Type O blood is considered the universal donor, while type AB is the universal recipient.
  • Approximately 8 million blood cells die and are replaced by new ones every second.

Functions of the Circulatory System

  • Transports oxygenated blood (from lungs) throughout the body.
  • Transports deoxygenated blood (from the body) to the lungs.
  • Transports nutrients from the intestines to the body.
  • Regulates body temperature.
  • Circulates hormones.
  • Transports white blood cells to sites of infection.

Structure of the Circulatory System

  • The circulatory system is composed of two circuits:
    • Pulmonary Circuit: The system of blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to the heart.
    • Systemic Circuit: The system of blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the organs of the body and deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Components of Circulatory System

Heart

  • The heart is a dual pump residing in the chest/thoracic cavity.
  • It contains cardiac muscle that contracts to move blood throughout the body.
  • The right and left sides of the heart are separated by a septum.
  • The heart is covered by the pericardium.
  • The heart has four chambers:
    • Two upper chambers are called atria (singular: atrium).
      • Right atrium.
      • Left atrium.
    • Two lower chambers are called ventricles.
      • Right ventricle.
      • Left ventricle.
  • The heart has valves :
    • Aortic Semilunar Valve.
    • Pulmonary Semilunar Valve.
    • Bicuspid Valve.
    • Tricuspid Valve.

Blood Vessels

  • Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart.
    • Have thick outer walls and elastic fibers.
    • Have a narrow central tube made of epithelial tissue.
    • They stretch under high pressure, and the thick muscles contract to push blood along
    • Atherosclerosis, a disease involving fat deposits in artery walls, can narrow the arteries, raising blood pressure and increasing the risk of heart attack, stroke, and kidney damage.
  • Veins: Carry blood toward the heart from organs.
    • Have thin outer walls made of connective tissues.
    • Have thin inner layers of muscle and elastic fibers.
    • Have one-cell thick walls.
    • Have valves to prevent backflow.
  • Capillaries: Microscopic blood vessels that connect arteries and veins.
    • Have walls that are only one cell thick.
    • Facilitate material exchange between blood and body cells.
    • A collection of capillaries is called a capillary bed or network.

Blood Composition

  • Blood comprises four main constituents:
    • Plasma: Straw-colored liquid that carries cells and platelets, essential for blood clotting. Contains water, plasma proteins, minerals, vitamins, hormones, and waste products like urea.
    • Red Blood Cells: Biconcave discs that carry oxygen to body cells throughout the circulatory system. They contain hemoglobin to hold and transport oxygen.
    • White Blood Cells: Crucial for fighting disease. Various types include lymphocytes (antibodies and antitoxins) and macrophages (digest microorganisms).
    • Platelets: Cell fragments that facilitate blood clot formation

Heart Rate

  • Heart rate is measured in beats per minute.
  • The average healthy adult heart rate is between 60-80 beats/minute at rest.
  • The heart rate is regulated by the sinoatrial node (SA node), also known as the pacemaker.
  • It is located in the right atrium.

Blood Pressure

  • Blood pressure is the force of blood against the artery walls.
  • Measured using a sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) and a stethoscope.
  • Systolic pressure: Pressure when the heart contracts.
  • Diastolic pressure: Pressure when the heart relaxes between beats.
  • Categories for blood pressure levels in adults:
    • Normal: Systolic <120, Diastolic < 80
    • Pre-hypertension: Systolic 120-139, Diastolic 80-89
    • High blood pressure: various stages based on systolic/diastolic ranges

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Circulatory System Notes PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the circulatory system, including the functions of blood components, the heart's structure, and the roles of various cells in maintaining health. This quiz covers key concepts related to blood types, blood flow, and the main functions of the circulatory system.

More Like This

Circulatory System: Components and Functions Quiz
10 questions

Circulatory System: Components and Functions Quiz

SnazzyRubidium avatar
SnazzyRubidium
Circulatory System in Humans
30 questions

Circulatory System in Humans

CompactAcademicArt avatar
CompactAcademicArt
Functions of the Circulatory System
8 questions

Functions of the Circulatory System

MesmerizingBoltzmann3596 avatar
MesmerizingBoltzmann3596
Circulatory System Overview
34 questions

Circulatory System Overview

ElatedNihonium6557 avatar
ElatedNihonium6557
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser