Circulatory System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of macrophages?

  • Transport oxygen
  • Digest microorganisms (correct)
  • Form blood clots
  • Produce antibodies

    • Platelets are larger cells that help in the formation of blood clots.

    False

    What do lymphocytes produce to fight disease?

    Antibodies

    Arteries take blood ______ from the heart.

    <p>away</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of blood with their primary functions:

    <p>Red Blood Cells = Carry oxygen White Blood Cells = Protect from disease Platelets = Help in blood clotting Plasma = Transport nutrients and waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the circulatory system?

    <p>To circulate oxygen rich blood to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heart is smaller than the fist of an average adult.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times does the average heart beat each day?

    <p>More than 100,000 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Type O is considered the __________ donor.

    <p>universal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following blood types with their descriptions:

    <p>Type O = Universal donor Type AB = Universal recipient Type A = Can receive Type A and O Type B = Can receive Type B and O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What functions does the circulatory system perform?

    <p>Transport of hormones and oxygenated blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The aorta is the largest vein in the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the components of the circulatory system?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the right and left sides of the heart?

    <p>Septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inferior vena cava carries oxygenated blood from the body to the heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two upper chambers of the heart called?

    <p>Atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The major artery that carries clean blood from the heart to the body is the _____

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following blood vessels with their functions:

    <p>Artery = Carries blood away from the heart Vein = Carries blood to the heart Capillary = Connects arteries and veins Pulmonary Veins = Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which step does the heart muscle relax and blood flows into the atria?

    <p>Step One</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ventricles during the contraction phase?

    <p>They force blood to leave the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the 'lubb' heart sound?

    <p>Closing of AV valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diastolic blood pressure is the pressure when the heart is contracting during blood pumping.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instrument is used to measure blood pressure?

    <p>Sphygmomanometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main function of red blood cells is to carry _______ to the cells.

    <p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following blood pressure categories with their corresponding values:

    <p>Normal = Less than 120 systolic, less than 80 diastolic Prehypertension = 120-139 systolic, 80-89 diastolic Stage 1 Hypertension = 140-159 systolic, 90-99 diastolic Stage 2 Hypertension = 160 or higher systolic, 100 or higher diastolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood cell contains a biconcave disc shape?

    <p>Red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymphocytes and macrophages are types of red blood cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of blood is responsible for clotting?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the valves in veins?

    <p>To prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atherosclerosis leads to a decrease in blood pressure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average heart rate for a healthy adult at rest?

    <p>60-80 beats/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thick outer wall of an artery is made of __________ tissues.

    <p>epithelial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the circulatory system with their functions:

    <p>Arteries = Carry blood away from the heart Veins = Carry blood toward the heart Capillaries = Exchange materials between blood and cells SA-Node = Regulates heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes veins to enlarge and potentially lead to varicose veins?

    <p>Weak valve function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Capillaries have thick walls to handle high blood pressure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The body's pulse is detected by taking the blood flow from the __________ artery.

    <p>radial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Circulatory System Overview

    • The heart is the hardest working muscle in the body, even at rest.
    • At rest, the heart works harder than leg muscles during a sprint.
    • The heart is about the size of a clenched fist.
    • A typical heart beats over 100,000 times each day.
    • The average body has approximately 100,000 kilometers of blood vessels.
    • The aorta, the largest artery, has a diameter almost the same as a garden hose
    • In a day, blood travels about 19,000 kilometers through the body.
    • A red blood cell can completely circulate the body in roughly 20 seconds.
    • There are four major blood groups: A, B, AB, and O.
    • Type O blood is considered the universal donor, while type AB is the universal recipient.
    • Approximately 8 million blood cells die and are replaced by new ones every second.

    Functions of the Circulatory System

    • Transports oxygenated blood (from lungs) throughout the body.
    • Transports deoxygenated blood (from the body) to the lungs.
    • Transports nutrients from the intestines to the body.
    • Regulates body temperature.
    • Circulates hormones.
    • Transports white blood cells to sites of infection.

    Structure of the Circulatory System

    • The circulatory system is composed of two circuits:
      • Pulmonary Circuit: The system of blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to the heart.
      • Systemic Circuit: The system of blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the organs of the body and deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

    Components of Circulatory System

    Heart

    • The heart is a dual pump residing in the chest/thoracic cavity.
    • It contains cardiac muscle that contracts to move blood throughout the body.
    • The right and left sides of the heart are separated by a septum.
    • The heart is covered by the pericardium.
    • The heart has four chambers:
      • Two upper chambers are called atria (singular: atrium).
        • Right atrium.
        • Left atrium.
      • Two lower chambers are called ventricles.
        • Right ventricle.
        • Left ventricle.
    • The heart has valves :
      • Aortic Semilunar Valve.
      • Pulmonary Semilunar Valve.
      • Bicuspid Valve.
      • Tricuspid Valve.

    Blood Vessels

    • Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart.
      • Have thick outer walls and elastic fibers.
      • Have a narrow central tube made of epithelial tissue.
      • They stretch under high pressure, and the thick muscles contract to push blood along
      • Atherosclerosis, a disease involving fat deposits in artery walls, can narrow the arteries, raising blood pressure and increasing the risk of heart attack, stroke, and kidney damage.
    • Veins: Carry blood toward the heart from organs.
      • Have thin outer walls made of connective tissues.
      • Have thin inner layers of muscle and elastic fibers.
      • Have one-cell thick walls.
      • Have valves to prevent backflow.
    • Capillaries: Microscopic blood vessels that connect arteries and veins.
      • Have walls that are only one cell thick.
      • Facilitate material exchange between blood and body cells.
      • A collection of capillaries is called a capillary bed or network.

    Blood Composition

    • Blood comprises four main constituents:
      • Plasma: Straw-colored liquid that carries cells and platelets, essential for blood clotting. Contains water, plasma proteins, minerals, vitamins, hormones, and waste products like urea.
      • Red Blood Cells: Biconcave discs that carry oxygen to body cells throughout the circulatory system. They contain hemoglobin to hold and transport oxygen.
      • White Blood Cells: Crucial for fighting disease. Various types include lymphocytes (antibodies and antitoxins) and macrophages (digest microorganisms).
      • Platelets: Cell fragments that facilitate blood clot formation

    Heart Rate

    • Heart rate is measured in beats per minute.
    • The average healthy adult heart rate is between 60-80 beats/minute at rest.
    • The heart rate is regulated by the sinoatrial node (SA node), also known as the pacemaker.
    • It is located in the right atrium.

    Blood Pressure

    • Blood pressure is the force of blood against the artery walls.
    • Measured using a sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) and a stethoscope.
    • Systolic pressure: Pressure when the heart contracts.
    • Diastolic pressure: Pressure when the heart relaxes between beats.
    • Categories for blood pressure levels in adults:
      • Normal: Systolic <120, Diastolic < 80
      • Pre-hypertension: Systolic 120-139, Diastolic 80-89
      • High blood pressure: various stages based on systolic/diastolic ranges

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    Related Documents

    Circulatory System Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the circulatory system, including the functions of blood components, the heart's structure, and the roles of various cells in maintaining health. This quiz covers key concepts related to blood types, blood flow, and the main functions of the circulatory system.

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