Circulatory System Overview
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Circulatory System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What primarily gives blood its red color?

  • Hemoglobin binding to carbon dioxide
  • Iron binding to oxygen in hemoglobin (correct)
  • Cholesterol levels in the blood
  • The presence of white blood cells

    • How many molecules of oxygen can a single hemoglobin molecule carry?

  • Four (correct)
  • Two
  • Three
  • Five

    • What is the primary function of platelets in the blood?

  • Fight infections
  • Help in blood clotting (correct)
  • Regulate blood pressure
  • Transport oxygen

    • Which type of bone marrow produces blood cells?

    <p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of white blood cells in a cubic millimetre of blood?

    <p>5,000 - 11,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of white blood cells are most common in the blood?

    <p>Neutrophils and lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a life-threatening situation, what does yellow bone marrow transform into?

    <p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of blood do white blood cells contribute?

    <p>1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic makes O blood type known as the universal donor?

    <p>It has no A or B antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is AB blood type termed the universal recipient?

    <p>It has no antibodies against A or B antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Rh factor in blood compatibility?

    <p>It can trigger antibody production if Rh+ blood is received by an Rh- individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a Rh- mother carrying an Rh+ fetus?

    <p>The mother produces Rh antibodies which can harm future Rh+ pregnancies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a RhoGam injection?

    <p>To prevent the mother from producing antibodies against Rh antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of platelets in blood clotting?

    <p>To make nearby platelets sticky and form a plug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does blood contribute to temperature control in the body?

    <p>By increasing blood flow to the skin to release heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge in DNA testing for red blood cells?

    <p>They lack a nucleus, making extraction difficult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the functions of white blood cells (WBCs) in the immune response?

    <p>They produce antibodies and phagocytize foreign particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is bone marrow transplant surgery used in leukemia treatment?

    <p>To replace diseased bone marrow with healthy cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way blood prevents blood loss after a vessel is injured?

    <p>By forming a solid clot and sealing the wound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk associated with bone marrow transplants for leukemia patients?

    <p>Spread of cancer if donor marrow contains leukemia cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of blood identified in the context?

    <p>To transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason the patient's immune system is suppressed after a transplant?

    <p>To prevent rejection of donor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood type can universally donate blood, and why?

    <p>O- because it has no antigens present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a person with blood type A receives blood from a type B donor?

    <p>The red blood cells may clump, leading to potential health risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is O- blood often used in emergencies before determining blood type?

    <p>It has no antigens, making it safe for anyone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are antibodies and their role in blood compatibility?

    <p>Proteins produced by the immune system that can destroy incompatible blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes blood clumping during a transfusion?

    <p>Reaction between the recipient's antibodies and donor's antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the ABO blood grouping system, what determines an individual's blood type?

    <p>The combination of antigens inherited from their parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood group can receive blood from all types without adverse reactions?

    <p>AB+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the human circulatory system?

    <p>To transport oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the circulatory system acts as the vehicle?

    <p>Blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of plasma in the blood?

    <p>90% water with dissolved proteins, sugars, and hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural feature of red blood cells (RBC) enhances their efficiency in transporting oxygen?

    <p>Biconcave shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total blood volume is made up of plasma?

    <p>55%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components of blood is responsible for clotting?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do capillaries play in the circulatory system?

    <p>Serving as exchange areas for nutrients and wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many red blood cells are typically found in one cubic millimeter of blood?

    <p>4.2 - 5.9 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Circulatory System

    • Carries materials to all cells and removes waste products
    • Four components:
      • Vehicle (Blood): Carries materials
      • Conduits (Blood Vessels): Tubes for blood travel
      • Motive Force (Heart): Blood pump
      • Exchange Areas (Capillaries): Material exchange

    Blood Components

    • Plasma: Fluid containing proteins, sugars, irons, vitamins, hormones, and makes up 55% of blood volume
    • Red Blood Cells (RBCs): Biconcave discs without nuclei or mitochondria
      • Shape increases surface area for oxygen diffusion
      • Approximately 4.2-5.9 million cells/cubic mm of blood
      • Contains hemoglobin, a protein that carries oxygen
    • White Blood Cells (WBCs): Five main types, contribute 1% of blood volume
      • Essential for immunity and protection against illness
      • Produced in bone marrow and stored in blood and lymphatic tissues
      • Approximately 5,000 to 11,000 WBCs per cubic mm of blood
    • Platelets: Help blood clotting by clumping together
      • Release clotting factors
      • Approximately 150,000-350,000 platelets per cubic mm of blood

    Bone Marrow

    • Nutrient-dense tissue located in bone cavities
    • Red bone marrow: Produces blood cells from stem cells
    • Yellow bone marrow: Stores fat and can produce red blood cells during emergencies

    Blood Functions

    • Vehicle for oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, waste, hormones, and antibodies
    • Provides immunity through phagocytosis of foreign particles and antibody production
    • Involved in blood clotting to prevent blood loss and seal wounds
    • Temperature control: Network of vessels under the skin acts as a radiator

    Blood Grouping Systems

    • ABO System: Blood types: A, B, AB, and O
      • Antigens: Proteins on red blood cell membranes
      • Antibodies: Proteins in plasma that target specific antigens
    • Rh System: Rh antigen present on some red blood cells
      • Rh+: Antigen present
      • Rh-: Antigen absent

    Blood Transfusion

    • Donor blood should not have antigens that the recipient's blood has antibodies against
    • O- blood is the universal donor: No A or B antigens
    • AB blood is the universal receiver: No antibodies to attack donor antigens

    Hemolytic Disease in Newborn

    • Rh+ father and Rh- mother: Mother can develop Rh antibodies after exposure to fetal Rh antigens
    • Subsequent pregnancies with Rh+ fetus: Maternal Rh antibodies can cross the placenta and damage fetal red blood cells
    • RhoGam Injection: Manufactured antibodies that neutralize maternal Rh antibodies

    Inheritance of ABO Blood Groups

    • Inherited from both parents
    • A or B individuals can be homozygous or heterozygous for the antigen

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    Related Documents

    Basic Life Sciences Lecture 1 & 2 2023 PDF

    Description

    This quiz provides an overview of the circulatory system, detailing its main components, including blood, blood vessels, the heart, and capillaries. It also explores the various types of blood components such as plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, along with their functions. Test your knowledge on how these elements work together to sustain life!

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