Circulatory System Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which type of blood vessel has the highest blood pressure?

  • Arteries (correct)
  • Venules
  • Capillaries
  • Veins

Which type of blood vessel has the highest velocity of blood flow?

  • Arteries (correct)
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
  • Venules

Which type of blood vessel has the highest cross-sectional area (CSA)?

  • Veins
  • Arteries
  • Arterioles
  • Capillaries (correct)

What drives fluid exchange in capillaries?

<p>Combined effect of blood and osmotic pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of a red blood cell traveling from the heart muscle to the kidney?

<p>Coronary artery to renal artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an increase in the total cross-sectional area of blood vessels have on blood flow velocity?

<p>Velocity decreases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which circuit carries oxygen-rich blood to the body's tissues?

<p>Systemic circuit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the blood flow after passing through the right ventricle?

<p>Into the pulmonary trunk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood pressure as blood moves from arteries to capillaries?

<p>Blood pressure decreases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel type typically carries carbon dioxide-rich blood back to the heart?

<p>Veins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism occurs at the capillary level for nutrient exchange?

<p>Diffusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After oxygen exchange in the lungs, where does the oxygen-rich blood go?

<p>Left atrium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pulmonary circuit?

<p>Remove carbon dioxide from the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood pressure when capillary beds are open and blood flows easily?

<p>Blood pressure decreases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the coronary arteries?

<p>To supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult for the heart to receive nutrients from blood passing through it?

<p>The heart muscle is too dense and blood travels too fast. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

<p>Aorta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does blood flow through the anterior and posterior vena cava before entering the heart?

<p>They gather deoxygenated blood from the body's smaller veins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the effect of having constricted capillary beds on blood pressure?

<p>Blood pressure would require more force to pump. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes 'spent blood'?

<p>It is blood that has delivered nutrients to cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size comparison of the aorta to common objects?

<p>The size of a garden hose. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Blood vessel with highest blood pressure

Arteries have the highest blood pressure as they carry blood away from the heart under high pressure.

Blood vessel with lowest blood pressure

Veins have the lowest blood pressure as they carry blood back to the heart.

Blood vessel with highest velocity

Arteries have the highest blood velocity due to their small cross-sectional area (CSA) and high pressure from the heart.

Blood vessel with lowest velocity

Capillaries have the lowest blood velocity as they have the largest cross-sectional area (CSA). This allows for efficient exchange of substances with tissues.

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Blood vessel with highest CSA

Capillaries have the largest cross-sectional area (CSA), making them ideal for diffusion of substances.

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Blood vessel with lowest CSA

Arteries and veins have a smaller cross-sectional area (CSA) compared to capillaries.

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Capillary fluid exchange

Fluid exchange in capillaries occurs due to opposing hydrostatic and osmotic pressures.

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Fluid exchange at arterial end of capillary

Blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of a capillary, causing fluid to move out into the tissues.

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Pulmonary Circuit

The loop of blood flow between the heart and lungs, carrying deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation and returning oxygenated blood to the heart.

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Systemic Circuit

The loop of blood flow between the heart and the rest of the body, carrying oxygenated blood to the tissues and returning deoxygenated blood to the heart.

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Cross-Sectional Area (CSA)

The sum of the areas of all blood vessels of a certain type. A larger CSA implies a slower blood flow.

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Blood Velocity

The speed at which blood flows through blood vessels. It decreases in wider vessels and increases in narrower ones.

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Blood Pressure

The force exerted by blood against blood vessel walls. Pressure decreases as cross-sectional area increases.

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Pulmonary Trunk

The major artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.

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Pulmonary Arteries

The arteries that branch off the pulmonary trunk and carry deoxygenated blood towards the lung capillaries

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Double Loop

A circulatory system with two separate loops, one carrying blood to the lungs and the other to the rest of the body.

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Aorta

The largest artery, carrying oxygenated blood from the heart.

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Coronary arteries

Arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.

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Anterior Vena Cava

Major vein carrying deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart.

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Posterior Vena Cava

Major vein carrying deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart.

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Spent blood

Blood low in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide.

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Capillary beds

Networks of tiny blood vessels where gas exchange occurs.

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Heart nutrient delivery

Heart muscle does not receive nutrients directly from the blood flowing through it.

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Study Notes

Circulatory System

  • The circulatory system is essential for moving nutrients and oxygen throughout the body
  • Arteries carry blood away from the heart
  • Veins carry blood back to the heart
  • Capillaries connect arteries and veins, allowing for gas and nutrient exchange
  • Arteries have thick, muscular, and elastic walls, which help them to withstand the high pressure of blood pumped by the heart
  • Veins have thinner walls and contain valves to prevent blood from flowing backward
  • Capillaries have very thin walls, facilitating the efficient exchange of materials.
  • The heart is a muscular pump that circulates blood throughout the body
  • The heart is composed of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles
  • The atria receive blood, and the ventricles pump blood
  • Major blood vessels include the aorta and vena cava
  • Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, and other essential substances throughout the body
  • The heart has valves to ensure one-way blood flow

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