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Questions and Answers
What is the name of the thick wall of muscle that separates the two sides of the heart?
What is the name of the thick wall of muscle that separates the two sides of the heart?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the circulatory system?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the circulatory system?
Which type of circulatory system is found in invertebrates like crustaceans, spiders, and grasshoppers?
Which type of circulatory system is found in invertebrates like crustaceans, spiders, and grasshoppers?
What is the role of the ventricles in the circulatory system?
What is the role of the ventricles in the circulatory system?
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Which layer of the heart is responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels?
Which layer of the heart is responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels?
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What is the primary function of the plasma protein albumin?
What is the primary function of the plasma protein albumin?
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What is the main function of the circulatory system in maintaining homeostasis?
What is the main function of the circulatory system in maintaining homeostasis?
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Which component of blood is responsible for its red color?
Which component of blood is responsible for its red color?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of blood plasma?
Which of the following is NOT a component of blood plasma?
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What is the main difference between an open and a closed circulatory system?
What is the main difference between an open and a closed circulatory system?
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What is the role of the pericardium?
What is the role of the pericardium?
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What is the approximate percentage of blood volume that is made up of formed elements?
What is the approximate percentage of blood volume that is made up of formed elements?
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Where are red blood cells primarily destroyed?
Where are red blood cells primarily destroyed?
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During which phase of the cardiac cycle does systolic pressure occur?
During which phase of the cardiac cycle does systolic pressure occur?
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What is the normal range for diastolic blood pressure in a healthy adult?
What is the normal range for diastolic blood pressure in a healthy adult?
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Which of the following is a component of the blood that helps fight infections?
Which of the following is a component of the blood that helps fight infections?
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What type of blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart?
What type of blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart?
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Which valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
Which valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
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What is the name of the largest artery in the body?
What is the name of the largest artery in the body?
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Which of the following are true about the pulmonary circuit?
Which of the following are true about the pulmonary circuit?
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What is the name of the sound produced when the valves between the ventricles and the arteries close?
What is the name of the sound produced when the valves between the ventricles and the arteries close?
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What is the main function of capillaries in the circulatory system?
What is the main function of capillaries in the circulatory system?
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Which of the following statements is TRUE about the heartbeat?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the heartbeat?
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What is blood pressure?
What is blood pressure?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of white blood cells?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of white blood cells?
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Which type of white blood cell is responsible for killing parasites?
Which type of white blood cell is responsible for killing parasites?
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Which of the following is a type of agranular leukocyte?
Which of the following is a type of agranular leukocyte?
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What is the function of B lymphocytes?
What is the function of B lymphocytes?
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What is the condition called when platelets are too low?
What is the condition called when platelets are too low?
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What is the name of the disease associated with the buildup of cholesterol in the arteries?
What is the name of the disease associated with the buildup of cholesterol in the arteries?
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What is the primary cause of a stroke?
What is the primary cause of a stroke?
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What is the ratio of red blood cells to platelets?
What is the ratio of red blood cells to platelets?
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Flashcards
Circulatory System
Circulatory System
Also known as the transport or cardiovascular system, responsible for blood circulation.
Circulation
Circulation
The continuous one-way movement of blood through the body.
Functions of the Circulatory System
Functions of the Circulatory System
Maintains homeostasis by regulating environment and chemical makeup of blood.
Open Circulatory System
Open Circulatory System
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Closed Circulatory System
Closed Circulatory System
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Heart
Heart
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Atria
Atria
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Ventricles
Ventricles
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Heart Valves
Heart Valves
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Atrioventricular Valve
Atrioventricular Valve
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Bicuspid Valve
Bicuspid Valve
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Semilunar Valve
Semilunar Valve
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Blood Vessels
Blood Vessels
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Arteries
Arteries
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Veins
Veins
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Circulatory Pathways
Circulatory Pathways
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Systolic Pressure
Systolic Pressure
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Diastolic Pressure
Diastolic Pressure
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Normal Blood Pressure
Normal Blood Pressure
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Blood Composition
Blood Composition
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Blood Plasma
Blood Plasma
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Red Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells
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White Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
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Plasma Proteins
Plasma Proteins
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Granular Leukocytes
Granular Leukocytes
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Neutrophils
Neutrophils
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Platelets
Platelets
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Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia
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Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
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Coronary Heart Disease
Coronary Heart Disease
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Hemophilia
Hemophilia
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Study Notes
Circulatory System Overview
- The circulatory system, also known as the transport system or cardiovascular system, is an organ system responsible for blood and nutrient circulation in the body.
- Circulation is the continuous, one-way movement of blood throughout the body.
- The process involves blood, the heart, and blood vessels.
Functions of the Circulatory System
- The circulatory system plays a vital role in homeostasis.
- Function A: It controls the chemical makeup of the environment surrounding cells by exchanging molecules.
- Function B: It continuously transports blood through organs, regulating chemical composition (e.g., liver, kidneys).
Types of Circulatory Systems
- Open Type: Blood is pumped through open-ended vessels and diffuses into the body cavity. Found in invertebrates like crustaceans, spiders, and grasshoppers.
- Closed Type (Cardiovascular System): Blood circulates within a network of vessels. This system is suited for organisms with high metabolic rates. The closed system consists of a heart and a network of vessels.
Parts of the Circulatory System
- Heart: A muscular organ about the size of a clenched fist located between the lungs, slightly pointed to the left. It contracts approximately 72 times per minute, or over 100,000 times a day.
- Structure of the Heart:
- Endocardium: The membrane lining the heart's interior.
- Myocardium: The thickest layer, cardiac muscle responsible for pumping blood.
- Epicardium: The thin, outermost layer of the heart wall.
- Pericardium: The covering that protects the heart and connects it to the diaphragm and sternum.
- Septum: The wall separating the heart's two sides.
- Atria: The two upper chambers that receive blood and pump it to the ventricles.
- Ventricles: The two lower chambers that pump blood out of the heart.
- Valves: One-way valves regulate and direct blood flow in the heart, preventing backflow.
- Atrioventricular valves: Include the tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral) valves – situated between the atria and ventricles.
- Semilunar valves: Found at the exit of the ventricles, regulate flow into arteries (pulmonary and aortic).
- Structure of the Heart:
- Blood Vessels:
- Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to capillaries, except for Pulmonary arteries. The largest artery is the aorta; smaller branches are arterioles.
- Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, except for Pulmonary veins. Most veins have one-way valves. Smallest veins are venules.
- Capillaries: The smallest blood vessels that facilitate the exchange of materials between the blood and body cells.
Heartbeat
- The heart's pumping action creates a heartbeat sound, "lub-dub."
- "Lub" is produced when valves between the atria and ventricles close.
- "Dub" occurs after valves between the ventricles and arteries close.
Blood Circulation
- Pulmonary Circuit: Oxygen-poor blood is pumped from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. Blood is returned to the left side of the heart.
- Systemic Circuit: Oxygen-rich blood is pumped from the left side of the heart to the rest of the body's tissues, delivering oxygen and nutrients. Deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of the heart.
Blood Pressure
- Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by blood on the artery walls during heart contractions.
- Systolic Pressure: Blood pressure during contraction of the heart
- Diastolic Pressure: Blood pressure during relaxation of the heart.
- Normal blood pressure for a healthy adult is generally below 120 systolic and 80 diastolic (in mmHg).
- Specific blood pressure ranges and classifications are presented in other sections.
Blood Composition
- Blood Plasma (55%): The liquid portion of blood, mostly water (90%), containing proteins, nutrients, wastes, electrolytes, hormones, etc.
- Formed Elements (45%): The cellular components.
- Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes): Tiny, concave discs that carry oxygen using hemoglobin. They lack a nucleus, have short lives, and are made in bone marrow.
- White Blood Cells (Leukocytes): Round cells with nuclei (varying sizes and shapes) involved in protecting the body against infections.
- Granular Leukocytes: Neutrophils (fight bacteria), Eosinophils (kill parasites and cancer cells, allergic responses) and Basophils (allergic responses).
- Agranular Leukocytes: Lymphocytes (immunity), Natural Killer Cells (infection defense) and Monocytes (phagocyte).
- Platelets (Thrombocytes): Cell fragments essential for blood clotting.
Circulatory System Disorders
- Atherosclerosis: Cholesterol buildup in arteries forming plaques, narrowing the arteries, and hindering blood flow.
- Stroke: A disorder arising from blockage in brain or neck arteries, reducing blood flow.
- Coronary Heart Disease: Blood flow to the coronary arteries (in the heart) is blocked.
- Hypertensive Heart Disease: The smallest arteries tighten/constrict impacting blood flow.
- Hemophilia: Blood does not clot properly.
- Anemia: Consistently low red blood cell count, impacting oxygen delivery.
- Leukemia: Characterized by an abnormal increase in white blood cells.
- Thrombocytopenia: Low platelet count causing bleeding issues.
- Thrombocythemia: Excess platelet count potentially causing blood clots leading to stroke or heart attack.
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Description
Explore the essential functions and types of the circulatory system in this quiz. Understand how blood and nutrients circulate throughout the body and the role of the heart and blood vessels. Delve into the differences between open and closed circulatory systems.
