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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
What is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
White blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.
White blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.
True
What condition is characterized by insufficient hemoglobin in red blood cells?
What condition is characterized by insufficient hemoglobin in red blood cells?
Anemia
The two phases of the heart's contraction and relaxation are called ______ and ______.
The two phases of the heart's contraction and relaxation are called ______ and ______.
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Match the following blood components with their primary functions:
Match the following blood components with their primary functions:
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Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the veins?
Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the veins?
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The heart beats an average of 80 times per minute.
The heart beats an average of 80 times per minute.
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What is the fluid part of blood called?
What is the fluid part of blood called?
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Coronary arteries provide blood to the ______.
Coronary arteries provide blood to the ______.
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What increases the production of red blood cells in the body?
What increases the production of red blood cells in the body?
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What is the primary role of the circulatory system?
What is the primary role of the circulatory system?
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The left side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the lungs.
The left side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the lungs.
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What is the principal artery protruding from the heart?
What is the principal artery protruding from the heart?
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The thin-walled tubes that contain valves to prevent backflow of blood are called ______.
The thin-walled tubes that contain valves to prevent backflow of blood are called ______.
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Match the following blood vessels with their characteristics:
Match the following blood vessels with their characteristics:
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Which part of the circulatory system is primarily responsible for oxygen exchange?
Which part of the circulatory system is primarily responsible for oxygen exchange?
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Blood comes into direct contact with body tissue cells in a closed circulatory system.
Blood comes into direct contact with body tissue cells in a closed circulatory system.
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How much blood does an average 70 kg person have?
How much blood does an average 70 kg person have?
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The fluid tissue that carries nutrients and oxygen throughout the body is called ______.
The fluid tissue that carries nutrients and oxygen throughout the body is called ______.
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Which system within the heart deals with supplying blood to the heart muscle itself?
Which system within the heart deals with supplying blood to the heart muscle itself?
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Study Notes
Circulatory System Overview
- The circulatory system provides the force (the heart) and channels (blood vessels) for moving blood throughout the body.
- Blood carries food, oxygen to cells, and removes waste products.
- The system comprises three primary cycles: coronary (heart), pulmonary (lungs), and systemic (body).
Circulation: The Double Pump
- Blood passes through the heart twice during a complete circuit.
- The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from body tissues and pumps it to the lungs.
- The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to all body tissues.
Human Circulatory System
- Blood circulates within tubular blood vessels.
- Blood and body tissue cells do not directly contact each other.
- Blood vessels are found throughout the body enabling the exchange of vital materials, i.e., oxygen and nutrients.
- The circulatory system consists of blood vessels, blood, and the heart.
Blood Vessels
Arteries
- Thick-walled tubes made of elastic muscle tissue.
- Expand in response to pressure changes from the heart's pumping action.
- Carry blood away from the heart.
- Branch into smaller vessels called arterioles.
- The aorta is the main artery leaving the heart.
Veins
- Thin-walled tubes.
- Contain valves that prevent blood backflow due to low pressure.
- Carry blood back to the heart from body tissues.
- Small veins are called venules.
- The vena cava is the main vein entering the heart.
Capillaries
- Fine network of tubes surrounding body tissues.
- Thin walls (single cell layer) enable rapid diffusion of substances.
- Oxygen and nutrients pass from capillaries into body cells.
- Carbon dioxide and waste products pass from body cells into capillaries.
Blood
- An adult human with a 70 kg body weight has approximately 5 liters of blood.
- Blood is a fluid tissue with specialized cells working together.
- Blood is essential for transporting gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), waste products, and nutrients.
Blood: The Transport Medium
- Blood also plays crucial roles in maintaining body functions and fighting diseases.
- Blood clotting is also one of the essential functions of the blood.
Blood Components
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
- Contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein, which carries oxygen.
- Produced in bone marrow and live for approximately 120 days.
- Body regulates red blood cell production in response to oxygen levels (e.g., high altitudes).
- Lack a nucleus.
- The most numerous type of blood cell.
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
- Fight germs and harmful foreign cells.
- Have a lifespan from a few days to a few weeks.
- Contain a nucleus.
Platelets
- Initiate blood clotting when there's a skin cut.
Blood Disorders
Anemia
- Insufficient hemoglobin reduces oxygen-carrying capacity.
- Leads to tiredness and low energy levels.
- Iron supplements may help.
Leukemia
- Cancer of the blood characterized by an increased number of immature white blood cells.
- Immature white blood cells are not capable of fighting disease.
The Heart
- Composed of cardiac muscle that beats involuntarily.
- Beats approximately 72 times per minute.
- Two sides beat in unison, separated by a muscular wall (septum).
- Systole is the heart muscle contraction; diastole is relaxation.
Heart Chambers
- Each side has an atrium (thin-walled, receives blood from veins) and a ventricle (thick-walled, delivers blood to arteries).
- The heart has four chambers in total.
Diseases and Disorders of the Circulatory System
Coronary Artery Disease
- Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart.
- Arteries can become partially blocked by plaque (fat, cholesterol, calcium).
- Symptoms can include tired, dizzy, pain or burning sensation in arms or chest.
- Angiograms are used for diagnosis.
Heart Attack
- Arteries can become completely blocked by plaque or a blood clot.
- Heart muscle cells lose oxygen and nutrients and may die.
- Symptoms include chest pain/pressure, shortness of breath, nausea, anxiety, sweating, and dizziness.
- Blood tests and electrocardiograms (ECGs) can assist in diagnosis.
- Heart attacks can be life threatening.
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Description
Explore the essential functions of the circulatory system, including the role of the heart, blood vessels, and blood in transporting oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. Learn about the three primary circulatory cycles: coronary, pulmonary, and systemic. This quiz provides insights into how blood circulates and its importance for bodily functions.
