Circulatory System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is NOT a function of the circulatory system?

  • Regulating body temperature
  • Moving disease-fighting white blood cells
  • Producing red blood cells (correct)
  • Transporting substances around the body

Cardiac muscle tissue is found in both the heart and skeletal muscles.

False (B)

What are the two circuits that the heart pumps blood through?

Pulmonary and systemic circuits

The heart consists of _____ pumps.

<p>two</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the parts of the heart with their functions:

<p>Atrium = Receives blood from veins and pumps it to the ventricle Ventricle = Pumps blood at high pressure into the arteries Septum = Divides the two sides of the heart Epithelial tissue = Reduces friction and protects the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue contracts to move blood around the body?

<p>Cardiac muscle tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The inner surface of the heart is lined with rough tissue to promote blood flow.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What affects the frequency of the heart rate?

<p>Physical activity, stress, age, and health</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of deoxygenated blood as it travels to the lungs?

<p>Blue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxygenated blood returns to the right atrium of the heart.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure separates the left and right sides of the heart?

<p>Septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood from the lungs returns to the heart via the __________.

<p>pulmonary vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of the heart with their function:

<p>Left atrium = Receives oxygenated blood from lungs Right ventricle = Pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs Aorta = Carries oxygenated blood to the body Tricuspid valve = Prevents backflow into the right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway does deoxygenated blood take after returning from the body?

<p>Right atrium to right ventricle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated blood to the lungs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the heart does oxygenation of blood occur?

<p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of arteries?

<p>Transport oxygenated blood away from the heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Veins contain valves to prevent backflow of blood.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood do capillaries allow to exchange with body tissues?

<p>Oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

Veins always move blood __________ the heart.

<p>toward</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following blood vessel types with their characteristics:

<p>Artery = Thick elastic walls that transport oxygenated blood away from the heart Vein = Thinner walls with valves that transport de-oxygenated blood toward the heart Capillary = Very thin walls where material exchange occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes capillaries?

<p>They are where blood exchanges substances with surrounding tissues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Arteries carry de-oxygenated blood.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do blood vessels link together?

<p>Arteries and veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What does the circulatory system do?

The circulatory system is responsible for moving blood throughout the body, delivering nutrients, oxygen, and removing waste products.

How does the circulatory system regulate body temperature?

The circulatory system helps regulate body temperature by moving blood to the skin's surface to release heat or to internal organs to conserve heat.

What are the three main parts of the circulatory system?

The circulatory system is made up of three main parts: the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood.

What is cardiac muscle tissue?

Cardiac muscle tissue is specialized tissue found only in the heart. It contracts to pump blood throughout the body.

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What are the two pumps of the heart?

The heart has two pumps: the pulmonary circuit which sends blood to the lungs and the systemic circuit which sends blood to the body.

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How many chambers does the human heart have?

The human heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.

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What is the atrium?

The atrium is a thin-walled chamber that receives blood from the veins and pumps it to the ventricle.

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What is the ventricle?

The ventricle is a thick-walled chamber that receives blood from the atrium and pumps it to the arteries.

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Circulatory System Pathway

The path blood takes from the heart to the lungs, then back to the heart, and finally to the rest of the body.

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Deoxygenated Blood

Blood that has been used by the body and has released oxygen and picked up carbon dioxide.

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Oxygenated Blood

Blood that has picked up oxygen from the lungs and is ready to deliver it to the body.

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Aorta

The large blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

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Pulmonary Artery

The blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

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Pulmonary Vein

The blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

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Right Atrium

The chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

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Left Atrium

The chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

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What is the function of arteries?

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. They have thick walls to handle the high pressure caused by the heart's pumping.

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What is the function of veins?

Veins carry de-oxygenated blood back to the heart. They have thinner walls compared to arteries because the blood pressure is lower.

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What is the primary function of capillaries?

Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. They are only one cell thick, allowing for the exchange of materials like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients between the blood and body tissues.

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Summarize the function of arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Veins carry de-oxygenated blood towards the heart. Capillaries connect arteries and veins, facilitating the exchange of materials with body tissues.

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What is the primary function of blood?

Blood is a specialized fluid that carries oxygen and nutrients to cells, transports waste products away from cells, and helps regulate body temperature.

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What is the role of blood cells?

Blood cells deliver nutrients and oxygen to the body's cells, transport waste products away from cells, and help regulate body temperature.

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What is the overall function of the circulatory system?

The circulatory system delivers oxygen and nutrients to all the tissues of the body and removes waste products. It also helps regulate body temperature.

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What are the main components of the circulatory system?

The heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood work together to form the circulatory system.

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Study Notes

The Circulatory System

  • The circulatory system is responsible for regulating body temperature.
  • Transports nutrients from the digestive system to body cells.
  • Delivers oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the respiratory system, as well as carrying other waste products for disposal.
  • Carries disease-fighting white blood cells to fight invading viruses or bacteria.

Components of the Circulatory System

  • The human circulatory system consists of three main parts: the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood.

Human Heart

  • The heart is made of three types of tissues: cardiac muscle tissue, nerve tissue, and connective tissue.

  • Cardiac muscle tissue is exclusively found in the heart.

  • All cardiac muscle tissues contract simultaneously.

  • Heart contractions propel blood throughout the body.

  • The heart pumps with a regular beat; the frequency depends on factors like physical activity, stress, age, and health.

  • A smooth layer of epithelial tissue covers the heart muscles and nerves, reducing friction and protecting the heart from damage during lung expansion and contraction.

  • The inner surface of the heart is lined with smooth epithelial tissue, allowing blood to flow freely.

Anatomy of the Human Heart

  • The heart has two pumps: a pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit, that work simultaneously to circulate blood.
  • The pulmonary pump sends blood to the lungs.
  • The systemic pump sends blood to the body.
  • Each pump has two chambers: atrium and ventricle.
  • The atrium is a thin-walled chamber that receives blood from veins.
  • The ventricle is a thick-walled chamber that pumps blood to arteries at high pressure.
  • The two sides are divided by a septum.

The Flow of Blood Through the Body

  • The right ventricle pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
  • These arteries are the only ones in the body transporting oxygen poor blood.
  • Oxygen-poor blood travels to the right atrium from the body by two large veins.
  • In the lungs, blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
  • Oxygen-rich blood returns to the left atrium by veins.
  • The heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body through arteries.
  • This oxygen-rich blood travels through the capillaries to deliver oxygen, nutrients, and water to the body's cells.
  • Waste products (carbon dioxide) are carried away from the cells during this process.
  • Blood then returns to the heart.

Blood Vessels

  • There are three types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries.
  • Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
  • Most arteries carry oxygenated blood.
  • Arteries have a thick layer of smooth muscle and elastic tissue to withstand high pressure.
  • Veins carry blood toward the heart.
  • Most veins carry deoxygenated blood.
  • Veins have relatively thin walls compared to arteries because blood pressure is lower in veins.
  • Veins have valves to prevent backflow.
  • Capillaries connect arteries to veins and are extremely thin-walled, only one cell thick, allowing for efficient exchange of materials between blood and body cells.

Blood

  • Blood is a specialized bodily fluid.
  • Blood contains blood cells that deliver necessary substances like nutrients and Oxygen.
  • Carries waste products such as carbon dioxide away from the body's cells.
  • Blood is also involved in heat exchange and regulating body temperature.
  • Humans have around 5 litres of blood (females (~4.5 liters) and males (~5.6 liters)).
  • There are four main blood types: A, B, AB, O.

Components of Blood

  • Plasma is the liquid part of blood (54% by volume). It is a rich liquid containing proteins and carrying blood cells.
  • Red blood cells (RBCs), also known as erythrocytes, make up 45% of blood volume. They contain hemoglobin enabling oxygen transport, and do not contain a nucleus.
  • White blood cells (WBCs or leukocytes), less than 1% of total blood volume, are infection-fighting cells of the immune system. They recognize and destroy invaders like bacteria and viruses, and are the only blood cells with a nucleus.
  • Platelets help with blood clotting, less than 1% of total volume.

Centrifuged Blood

  • Centrifuging separates blood into components based on density.
  • Plasma (low density) rises to the top.
  • Denser particles (like red blood cells) go to the bottom.

Where Do Blood Cells Come From?

  • Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, a soft, spongy material in bone.

Diseases and Disorders of the Circulatory System

  • Coronary artery disease is a common problem leading to heart attacks. Plaque build-up in arteries is a major cause (fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances in the blood).
  • Arteriosclerosis, a general term for several conditions where artery walls thicken and lose elasticity, often involves plaque buildup.
  • Heart attacks occur when coronary arteries become completely blocked, preventing oxygen and nutrient delivery to heart muscle cells; medical attention is urgent.

Arteriosclerosis

Symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, blood clots, and heart failure.

Heart Attack

  • Symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, anxiety, upper body pain, abdominal or stomach pain, sweating, dizziness, and unusual fatigue.

Prevention of Arteriosclerosis and Heart Attack

Healthy lifestyle choices can reduce the risk, including exercise, not smoking, a healthy diet low in unhealthy fats (trans fat), and high in vegetables and fruit.

Homework

  • Read pages 83-87 in textbook, and answer questions 1–3 and 8 on page 87.

Answers

  • The circulatory system transports substances throughout the body.

  • Four substances are: blood, oxygen, nutrients and carbon dioxide.

  • The circulatory system obtains nutrient from the small intestine, and transports nutrients throughout the body.

  • Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically without nerve input.

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