lab 4 - circulatory system

The pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts.

The pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats.

The flow of blood through the heart & lungs to pick up oxygen.

The flow of blood through the body delivering oxygen.

Blood pressure-measuring device.

An artery in the upper arm used for taking blood pressure.

Major artery in the abdominal cavity, supplies organs like stomach.

Artery supplying blood to the kidneys.

Blood transports nutrients, wastes, hormones, and maintains homeostasis, protecting the body. It also controls blood pressure and monitors composition.

Blood vessels carry blood throughout the body, transporting oxygen and nutrients, controlling blood pressure, and monitoring blood composition.

The heart pumps blood throughout the body, driving circulation.

Blood is always confined within vessels in the closed circulatory system.

Arteries carry blood away from the heart. They can carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood.

Elastic arteries have more elastic fibers, acting as pressure reservoirs for blood flow when the heart relaxes.

Capillaries exchange gases, nutrients, and wastes between the blood and cells.

The force of blood against the vessel walls, measured in mmHg, driven by the heart's pumping.

Anything that slows or prevents blood flow.

The diameter of the blood vessel. Narrowing or widening affects blood flow and pressure.

The pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts, represented by the numerator in a blood pressure reading.

The pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxed between beats, represented by the denominator in a blood pressure reading.

To transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation, and then return the oxygenated blood back to the heart.

To transport oxygenated blood from the heart to the body, and return deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

By inflating a cuff over the brachial artery and listening for blood flow sounds with a stethoscope, the first sound represents systolic pressure and the last sound represents diastolic pressure.

A major artery in the abdominal cavity that branches out to supply blood to organs like the stomach, liver, spleen, and pancreas.

The artery responsible for supplying blood to the kidneys.

Two veins from each lung that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

Blood plays a vital role in transportation of nutrients and wastes, maintaining homeostasis, protecting the body, and regulating blood pressure and blood composition.

The circulatory system comprises blood, blood vessels, and the heart.

Humans have a closed circulatory system where blood is always contained within vessels.

Arteries carry blood away from the heart and can carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood. They have a thick tunica media with elastic fibers, allowing them to expand and contract.

Elastic arteries, found in the aorta and major branches, contain a higher percentage of elastic fibers in their tunica media, which helps them store pressure during diastole (heart relaxation), effectively pumping blood throughout the body.

Arterioles are smaller branches of arteries responsible for regulating blood flow into capillary beds.

Capillary beds are tiny vessels that allow for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between the blood and surrounding cells through their simple squamous endothelium.

Veins carry blood back to the heart, forming a network of vessels that collect blood from the body.

Venous valves are folds in the tunica interna of veins that prevent backflow of blood, ensuring smooth movement back to the heart.

Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels due to smooth muscle relaxation, increasing blood flow, while vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels due to smooth muscle contraction, reducing blood flow.

The pathway that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and returns to the heart.

The pathway that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood back to the heart.

Elastic arteries, like the aorta, have more elastic fibers, allowing them to stretch and recoil, helping to pump blood even when the heart is resting.

Capillaries are tiny vessels where oxygen and nutrients from the blood diffuse into surrounding cells, while waste products move back into the blood.

Veins carry blood to the heart and can hold up to 70% of the body's blood volume, acting as reservoirs.

Venous valves are flaps inside veins that prevent blood from flowing backward, ensuring one-way movement towards the heart.

Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels, while vasoconstriction is the narrowing of these vessels.

The tunica media, composed of smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers, helps regulate blood pressure by controlling vessel diameter.

Blood pressure measures the force of blood against the vessel walls, driven by the heart's pumping.

The phase when the heart contracts, pumping blood out to the body, creating a wave of pressure through the arteries. During this time, the pressure in the arteries is highest and is measured as systolic pressure.

The phase when the heart relaxes and refills with blood, allowing the arteries to rest. The pressure in the arteries during this phase is lower and is measured as diastolic pressure.

The pulmonary circuit is responsible for transporting deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen. The oxygenated blood then returns to the heart.

The systemic circuit pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

The first sound heard when releasing pressure from the cuff indicates systolic pressure. The last sound heard represents diastolic pressure.

The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients, removing waste, and regulating blood pressure.

Flaps in veins that prevent blood from flowing backwards, ensuring one-way movement towards the heart.

The middle layer of blood vessels, composed of smooth muscle and elastic fibers, helps regulate blood pressure by controlling vessel diameter.

Blood pressure is the force of blood against the vessel walls, driven by the heart's pumping. It's measured in mmHg (millimeters of mercury).

The heart pumps to create a pressure gradient that drives blood flow throughout the body. This pressure is highest near the heart and decreases as blood travels further away.