lab 4 - circulatory system
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Questions and Answers

What is the normal systolic pressure measured in mmHg?

  • 130 mmHg
  • 110 mmHg
  • 100 mmHg
  • 120 mmHg (correct)

    • The diastolic pressure is always higher than the systolic pressure.

    False

    What device is used to measure blood pressure?

    Sphygmomanometer

    The _____ circuit brings deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

    <p>pulmonary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries supplies the liver with oxygenated blood?

    <p>Hepatic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following body parts with their corresponding arteries:

    <p>Celiac = Abdominal cavity Gastric = Stomach Gonadal = Gonads Hepatic = Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The last sound heard during blood pressure measurement indicates systolic pressure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pulmonary veins in the circulatory system?

    <p>To carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

    <p>Producing hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Veins hold up to 70% of the total blood supply in the body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the heart in the circulatory system?

    <p>To pump blood throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ arteries contain a higher percentage of elastic fibers than muscular arteries.

    <p>Elastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following blood components to their primary functions:

    <p>Red blood cells = Transport oxygen White blood cells = Defense against pathogens Platelets = Blood clotting Plasma = Transport nutrients and wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during vasodilation?

    <p>The diameter of the lumen increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tunica media is typically thicker in veins than in arteries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism helps prevent backflow of blood in veins?

    <p>Venous valves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemodynamics refers to the physiology of blood _____ .

    <p>flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting blood pressure?

    <p>Temperature of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Systolic pressure is the ______ of a blood pressure measurement.

    <p>numerator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During ______, the heart contracts and sends a wave of pressure through the bloodstream.

    <p>systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During ______, the heart relaxes and pressure remains throughout the system.

    <p>diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ circuit transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange.

    <p>pulmonary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood collected from the body returns to the heart via the superior and inferior ______.

    <p>vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ circuit pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

    <p>systemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first sound heard during blood pressure measurement indicates ______ pressure.

    <p>systolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heart is essentially a _____ that drives the blood through the body.

    <p>pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arteries are vessels leaving the heart that can carry _____ blood or not to the capillaries.

    <p>oxygenated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Veins contain up to _____% of the total blood supply in the body.

    <p>70</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth muscle _____ leads to an increase in the diameter of the lumen.

    <p>relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ is a single layer of endothelium lining the lumen of the blood vessel.

    <p>tunica interna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peripheral _____ refers to anything that impedes blood flow in the circulatory system.

    <p>resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diameter of the blood vessel can be altered by contracting or relaxing the _____ media.

    <p>tunica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Capillary beds allow for gas, nutrient, and waste _____ between cells and capillary lumen.

    <p>exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood pressure is measured in _____.

    <p>mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ valves in veins are essential to prevent backflow of blood.

    <p>venous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following factors with their effect on blood pressure:

    <p>Blood volume = Increase leads to higher blood pressure Vessel radius = Wider diameters reduce blood pressure Blood flow = Proportional to pressure gradient Blood viscosity = Higher viscosity increases resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following vessels with their blood types:

    <p>Aorta = Oxygenated blood to the body Pulmonary arteries = Deoxygenated blood to the lungs Pulmonary veins = Oxygenated blood from the lungs Veins = Deoxygenated blood returning to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sound indicates the onset of systolic pressure during blood pressure measurement?

    <p>The first sound heard indicates systolic pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the pathway of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

    <p>Deoxygenated blood flows from the right ventricle through the pulmonary trunk to the right and left pulmonary arteries, reaching the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the cuff pressure during blood pressure measurement as it approaches the diastolic pressure?

    <p>As cuff pressure decreases and reaches diastolic pressure, blood squirts through the artery in pressure waves, causing the last sound to be heard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels collect oxygenated blood from the lungs to return it to the heart?

    <p>Oxygenated blood is collected by the pulmonary veins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the systemic circuit differ from the pulmonary circuit in terms of blood flow?

    <p>The systemic circuit pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to the body, while the pulmonary circuit carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the cuff serve in the measurement of blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer?

    <p>The cuff occludes the brachial artery and is inflated to a pressure above systolic to monitor blood flow sounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify two functions of the celiac and renal arteries in relation to the organs they supply.

    <p>The celiac artery supplies the abdominal cavity, while the renal artery supplies the kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change occurs during systole?

    <p>During systole, the heart contracts and sends a wave of pressure through the vascular system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between arteries and veins regarding blood pressure and blood volume?

    <p>Arteries operate under higher pressure and have a smaller volume, while veins operate under lower pressure and can hold up to 70% of the total blood supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the significance of the tunica media in the structure of blood vessels.

    <p>The tunica media is responsible for regulating blood vessel diameter through smooth muscle contraction, which influences blood pressure and flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do venous valves play in the circulatory system?

    <p>Venous valves prevent the backflow of blood, ensuring a consistent flow back to the heart despite lower pressure in veins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe how vasodilation affects blood flow and blood pressure.

    <p>Vasodilation increases the diameter of blood vessels, which enhances blood flow and typically reduces blood pressure due to lower resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes elastic arteries from muscular arteries?

    <p>Elastic arteries contain a higher percentage of elastic fibers, allowing them to accommodate pressure changes during the cardiac cycle, while muscular arteries primarily regulate blood flow to specific tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does blood viscosity contribute to blood pressure?

    <p>Higher blood viscosity leads to increased resistance against blood flow, thereby elevating blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the function of capillary beds in the circulatory system.

    <p>Capillary beds facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and surrounding tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of hemodynamics, what does a pressure gradient indicate?

    <p>A pressure gradient indicates that blood moves from areas of higher pressure (like the aorta) to areas of lower pressure (like vena cavas), driving blood flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe how blood vessel length affects blood pressure.

    <p>Longer blood vessels contribute to higher blood pressure as blood encounters greater resistance over extended distances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood

    • Transports nutrients, wastes, maintains homeostasis, and protects the body
    • Blood travels through vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
    • Heart pumps blood throughout the body

    Circulatory System

    • Closed system: blood always remains within vessels
    • Arteries carry blood away from the heart (may carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood)
    • Arterioles are smaller vessels branching off arteries
    • Capillary beds are sites of gas, nutrient, and waste exchange
    • Venules collect blood from capillaries
    • Veins carry blood back to the heart (under less pressure than arteries)

    Blood Vessel Structure

    • Tunics: layers surrounding the lumen (central blood-filled space)
      • Tunica Interna: inner layer (endothelium)
      • Tunica Media: middle layer (smooth muscle and elastic fibers, thicker in arteries)
      • Tunica Externa: outer layer (connective tissue)
    • Internal elastic lamina: band of connective tissue in arteries, between endothelium and tunica media
    • Arteries and arterioles play a role in blood pressure regulation
    • Vasodilation: widening of blood vessels (relaxation of smooth muscle)
    • Vasoconstriction: narrowing of blood vessels (contraction of smooth muscle)

    Blood Pressure

    • Force exerted by blood on vessel walls (mmHg)
    • Pressure gradient: higher pressure near the heart, lower in veins
    • Blood pressure is influenced by several factors, including vessel radius, vessel length, blood viscosity, blood volume, and vessel compliance
    • Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope
      • Systolic pressure: pressure during ventricular contraction
      • Diastolic pressure: pressure during ventricular relaxation

    Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation

    • Pulmonary circulation: right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange, and returns oxygenated blood to the heart
    • Systemic circulation: left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart

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    Lab 4: Blood Vessels & Circulation PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on the circulatory system, examining the structure and function of blood, blood vessels, and the heart. Gain insight into how blood is transported throughout the body and learn about the components of the vascular system. Test your knowledge on the flow of blood and the layers of blood vessels.

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