Circulatory System in Animals

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the tendons in the heart?

Prevent blood from flowing into the atria

Connect the semi-lunar valves to veins

Prevent backflow of blood towards the atria (correct)

Support the structure of the left ventricle

What occurs when blood tries to flow back through the semi-lunar valves?

The valves expand to accommodate the backflow

The valves remain open

Blood is directed towards the atria

The pockets become filled with blood and close (correct)

What is a primary reason for coronary heart disease (CHD)?

Smoking (correct)

Hydration

Regular exercise

Balanced diet

Which treatment for CHD involves stopping smoking and eating less saturated fats?

Improving lifestyle Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of statin drugs used for CHD treatment?

Lower cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What procedure is conducted to replace a blocked coronary artery?

Coronary artery bypass surgery Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of angioplasty in coronary artery treatment?

To expand a narrowed artery Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of the coronary arteries?

To supply blood to heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which correctly describes systemic circulation?

Starts from the left ventricle pumping oxygenated blood to the body Signup and view all the answers

What separates the oxygenated blood from the deoxygenated blood in the heart?

Septum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the heart?

To pump blood throughout the body. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle makes up the heart?

Cardiac muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which measurement corresponds to systolic pressure in blood pressure reading?

The pressure during contraction of the ventricles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal blood pressure range expressed in mm/Hg?

120/80 Signup and view all the answers

What does the pulse rate represent?

The rate of heart beats. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle?

It pumps blood to the entire body with greater pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What type of valves prevent the back flow of blood in the heart?

Atrioventricular and semi-lunar valves Signup and view all the answers

How can you measure your pulse?

By feeling the artery in your wrist and counting the beats. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Lob' sound of the heart indicate?

Closure of the valves between the atria and ventricles Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Transport in Animals

Components of the human circulatory system: Heart, blood vessels, blood
Heart: Muscular pump made of cardiac muscle, keeps contracting continuously.
Heart function: Pumps blood around the body to supply cells with nutrients and oxygen, and remove waste products.
Heart activity: Monitored by ECG and listening to valve closing sounds (Lub-Dub).
Rhythmic sounds: Caused by valve closure (Lub - closure of atrioventricular valves; Dub - closure of semi-lunar valves in aorta and pulmonary artery).
Heart beats: Ripple of pressure down artery, rate = pulse rate.
Blood pressure: Pressure created by blood flow during heartbeats, measured by sphygmomanometer. Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg (systolic/diastolic).
How to measure pulse: Place fingers on wrist, feel pulse, count pulses per minute, repeat multiple times for average.

How to measure blood pressure

Use the first two fingers of your right hand and lie them on the inside of your left wrist.
Feel the tendon near the outside of your wrist, then you can feel the artery in your wrist pulsing your heart pumps blood through it.
Count the number of pulses per minute.
Repeat this step and take the average for accuracy.

Components and adaptations of the human heart

Chambers: Two thin-walled atria (upper) and two thick-walled ventricles (lower). Left ventricle thicker than right for more forceful blood pumping.
Valves: prevent backflow of blood. Atrioventricular valves are between atria and ventricles (tricuspid/mitral/bicuspid). Semilunar valves are between the ventricles and arteries (aortic/pulmonary). Valves close to prevent backflow.
Valves function: Allow blood to flow in one direction.

Coronary arteries

Supply blood to heart muscle (needs constant supply of oxygen).
Importance: Heart muscle needs energy to contract and relax

Important questions & answers regarding CHD

What is CHD?: Narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries leading to heart attack.
Reasons for CHD?: Smoking, high salt intake, high levels of saturated fats/cholesterol, lack of exercise.

Treatment of CHD

Improving lifestyle (CHD treatment): Diet alteration (low in saturated fats and salt), exercising, and quitting smoking.
Drugs: Statins (lower cholesterol), anti-hypertensive drugs (lower blood pressure), aspirin (reduce risk of blood clots).
Bypass surgery: Replace damaged coronary artery with a section of blood vessel taken from another part of the body.
Angioplasty: Narrowed coronary artery widened using a non-inflated balloon (stent) and then inflated with water.

Blood circulation

Pulmonary circulation: Deoxygenated blood pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs, oxygenated blood returned to the left atrium.
Systemic circulation: Oxygenated blood pumped from the left ventricle to the body, deoxygenated blood returned to the right atrium.
Single circulation: Blood passes through the heart once per complete cycle (e.g., fish).
Double circulation: Blood passes through the heart twice per complete cycle (e.g., humans, birds, reptiles).

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Description

Explore the human circulatory system, including the heart, blood vessels, and how they function to supply nutrients and oxygen. This quiz covers heartbeats, blood pressure measurement, and sounds generated during heart activity. Test your knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of transportation in animals.