Circulatory System II Quiz

Circulatory System II

• Venules have the lowest pressure
• Capillaries are involved in gas exchange

Great Vessels

• The aorta is the largest artery

• The aorta emerges from the left ventricle

• It initially moves upward, then curves downwards, and then curves downwards again

  • Different parts have specific names:
    • Ascending aorta
    • Aortic arch
    • Descending aorta (divided into thoracic and abdominal aorta)

• Location is dependent on its placement in the body (immbo and neck region)

Aortic Arch

• Curves to the left, like an inverted U
• Superior to the heart
• Three major arteries branch off in this order:
  • Brachiocephalic trunk
  • Left common carotid artery
  • Left subclavian artery

Arteries of the Upper Limb

• Subclavian artery is the main artery of the upper extremity
• It continues as axillary a., then brachial a.
• The brachial artery gives rise to two terminal branches: ulnar and radial arteries

Measurement

• Measuring false tension

Common Carotid Artery

• Divides into internal and external carotid arteries
• Internal carotid arteries enter the skull cavity to nourish brain structures
• External carotid arteries supply structures in the head and neck, excluding the brain

Termination of Aorta

• Aorta terminates by giving two terminal branches at the level of the L4 vertebra in the abdomen

• The point where the aorta divides is called aortic bifurcation

• Right common iliac artery

• Left common iliac artery

  • Each of these arteries branches:
    • Internal carotid artery
    • External carotid artery

• External carotid artery continues as femoral artery to supply lower limbs

• Femoral artery reaches the back of the knee, becoming the popliteal artery

• The popliteal artery bifurcates into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Veins of the Upper Limbs

• Superficial veins are closer to the skin's surface
• Deep veins are closer to the muscles and bones
• Radial and ulnar veins join to create brachial vein
• Brachial vein continues as the axillary vein
• Axillary vein becomes the subclavian vein after passing under clavicle
• The superficial veins (basilic and cephalic) merge in the forearm

Deep Veins of the Lower Limbs

• Anterior and posterior tibial veins, as well as fibular veins, drain into the popliteal vein
• Popliteal vein gives rise to femoral vein in the thigh

Intravenous Injection

• Techniques for intravenous injection include: Intramuscular, Subcutaneous, Intravenous, and Intradermal.
• Specific angle of injection (90°, 45°, 25°, 10°-15°)

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

• Superior vena cava receives blood from upper extremities and head. Drains blood from the head, neck and arms
• Inferior vena cava receives blood from lower extremities and abdomen. Drains blood from lower body
• Internal and external iliac veins form common iliac veins.
• Common iliac veins combine to form inferior vena cava

Test your knowledge on the circulatory system, focusing on the great vessels and arteries of the upper limb. This quiz covers important concepts such as blood flow, pressure in venules, and the structure of the aorta. Perfect for students studying anatomy and physiology.