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What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
Which part of the heart is responsible for supplying the pulmonary circuit?
Which part of the heart is responsible for supplying the pulmonary circuit?
What is the main role of the aorta in the circulatory system?
What is the main role of the aorta in the circulatory system?
Which vessels are known as the great vessels of the circulatory system?
Which vessels are known as the great vessels of the circulatory system?
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Where is the heart located within the human body?
Where is the heart located within the human body?
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What is the pericardium?
What is the pericardium?
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What does the left side of the heart do?
What does the left side of the heart do?
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Which vein drains the upper body?
Which vein drains the upper body?
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What is the primary function of the right and left atria in the heart?
What is the primary function of the right and left atria in the heart?
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Which of the following layers of the heart wall is the thickest?
Which of the following layers of the heart wall is the thickest?
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Which valve is known as the mitral valve?
Which valve is known as the mitral valve?
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What is the pericardial cavity?
What is the pericardial cavity?
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Which coronary artery supplies blood to the left side of the heart?
Which coronary artery supplies blood to the left side of the heart?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the conduction system of the heart?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the conduction system of the heart?
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What is the role of the semilunar valves in the heart?
What is the role of the semilunar valves in the heart?
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What defines the difference between the pulmonary and systemic circuits?
What defines the difference between the pulmonary and systemic circuits?
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Study Notes
Circulatory System I
- The circulatory system comprises the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
- The cardiovascular system refers only to the heart and blood vessels.
- The circulatory system transports substances throughout the body via blood.
- Blood is the liquid medium for transporting materials.
- Blood vessels ensure proper blood routing to destinations.
- The heart pumps blood to keep it flowing.
Functions of the Circulatory System
- Deoxygenated blood enters the heart's right side.
- Oxygenated blood leaves the heart's left side.
- The AV (Atrioventricular) valve is crucial for blood flow through the heart.
Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits
- The cardiovascular system has two major divisions: pulmonary and systemic circuits.
- The pulmonary circuit carries blood to the lungs for gas exchange and back to the heart.
- The systemic circuit delivers blood to all body organs and returns it to the heart.
Blood Flow Through the Heart
- The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body.
- The blood is pumped into the pulmonary trunk and then to the lungs.
- In the lungs, carbon dioxide is released, and oxygen is absorbed by the blood.
- Oxygenated blood returns to the left side of the heart via pulmonary veins.
- The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body through the aorta.
- Blood is transported to tissues/organs/lungs to carry out their function.
The Heart Wall
- The heart wall has three layers: the epicardium (external), myocardium (middle/muscular), and endocardium (internal).
The Chambers of the Heart
- The heart has four chambers: two atria (receiving chambers) and two ventricles (pumping chambers).
- Right and left atria receive blood.
- Right and left ventricles pump blood.
The Valves of the Heart
- Atrioventricular (AV) valves regulate blood flow between the atria and ventricles.
- The right AV valve is also known as the tricuspid valve.
- The left AV valve is called the mitral valve.
- Semilunar valves control blood flow from the ventricles to the arteries.
- The pulmonary valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk.
- The aortic valve is between the left ventricle and the aorta.
Pathway of Blood Flow
- Blood flow through the heart involves a specific path.
- Violet arrows indicate oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood.
- Orange arrows represent oxygen-rich (oxygenated) blood.
Coronary Circulation
- Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle.
- Coronary veins collect the used blood from the heart.
Conduction System
- The conduction system coordinates heartbeats.
- The sinoatrial (SA) node initiates the heartbeat.
- The atrioventricular (AV) node delays the signal.
Heart Position
- The heart sits in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs, and behind the sternum.
- About two-thirds of the heart is to the left of the midline.
- The upper part is called the base
- The lower pointed tip is called the apex
- The broad, superior portion is called the base.
- The inferior end of the heart tapers down to a blunt point, called the apex.
Pericardium
- The heart is enclosed in a double-walled sac called the pericardium.
- The outer layer is the fibrous pericardium.
- The inner serous layer forms the epicardium and consists of two layers: the parietal and visceral pericardium.
- The pericardial cavity, located between these layers, contains serous fluid.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of the circulatory system, including the roles of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Learn about the pulmonary and systemic circuits and how blood flows through the heart. This quiz will test your knowledge on vital functions and components of the cardiovascular system.