12 Questions
What is the primary function of arteries in the circulatory system?
To pump blood to the systemic circuit
What is the term for low blood pressure?
Hypotension
Which of the following blood cells plays a crucial role in blood clotting?
Platelets
What is the term for a universal blood donor?
Type O
What is the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?
To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and nutrients for waste products
What is the condition characterized by low red blood cell count?
Anemia
What is the primary function of the nose in the respiratory system?
To filter, warm, and moisten the air
What is the term for the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs with each breath?
Tidal Volume
What is the name of the passageway that divides into two bronchi, which then enter the lungs?
Trachea
What is the term for the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled from the lungs?
Vital Capacity (FVC)
Which two respiratory values are the same for both men and women?
FEV1 and FEV6
What is an Obstructive Disorder characterized by?
Restricted airflow due to lung damage
Study Notes
Circulatory System
- The electrical conduction system consists of:
- SA Node (Sinoatrial Node): generates electrical impulses to trigger heartbeat
- AV Node (Atrioventricular Node): relays electrical impulses from SA Node to Ventricles
- Bundle of His: specialized fibers that carry electrical impulses to Ventricles
- Bundle Branches: divide the Bundle of His into left and right branches
- Purkinje Fibers: conduct electrical impulses to Ventricular muscle cells
- Healthy Blood pressure: 120/80 mmHg
- Hypertension: 140/90 mmHg or higher
- Hypotension: 90/60 mmHg or lower
- Main blood cells:
- Red Blood Cells (RBCs): carry oxygen from lungs to body tissues
- White Blood Cells (WBCs): part of immune system, fight infections
- Platelets: involved in blood clotting
Blood Vessels
- Arteries:
- Carry oxygenated blood away from heart to body tissues
- Veins:
- Carry deoxygenated blood back to heart
- Capillaries:
- Allow exchange of oxygen and nutrients for carbon dioxide and waste products
Blood Flow
- Steps of blood flow:
- Heart (Right Ventricle) → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs → Pulmonary Veins → Heart (Left Atrium) → Aorta → Systemic Circuit → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Heart (Right Atrium)
Blood Type and Anemia
- Universal donor: Type O negative (can be transfused to anyone)
- Universal recipient: Type AB positive (can receive blood from anyone)
- Low red blood cells: Anemia
Heart Structures
- 4 chambers: Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle
- 4 valves: Tricuspid, Pulmonary, Mitral, Aortic
- 2 arteries: Aorta, Pulmonary Artery
- 2 veins: Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
Respiratory System
- Roles of the Respiratory System:
- Moves air containing oxygen into lungs
- Removes carbon dioxide from lungs
- Provides surface area for gas exchange into cells
- Oxygen is needed for cellular respiration (energy production)
Respiratory Process
- Steps of the respiratory system:
- Nose: filters, warms, and humidifies air
- Pharynx (throat): air passes through on its way to lungs
- Larynx (voicebox): air passes through on its way to lungs
- Trachea: divided into right and left bronchi
- Bronchi: air passages that move air into lungs
- Alveoli: gas exchange occurs
Respiratory Values
- Tidal Volume: volume of air inhaled or exhaled per breath
- Respiratory minute volume: total volume of air inhaled per minute
- Vital Capacity (FVC): maximum volume of air exhaled after maximum inhalation
- FEV1: maximum volume of air exhaled in 1 second
- Values same for both men and women: Respiratory rate, Tidal Volume
Obstructive Disorder
- Definition: a condition where airflow is partially or completely blocked
- Examples: Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
This quiz covers the 5 parts of the electrical conduction system, their functions, and how they work together to regulate heartbeat.
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