Circulatory Disturbances in Pathology
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of edema due to liver disease?

  • Lymphatic obstruction
  • Increase in hydrostatic pressure of the blood
  • Increase in osmotic pressure of interstitial tissue
  • Decrease in osmotic pressure of the blood (correct)

What is the term for the accumulation of fluids in interstitial tissue, serous cavities, or lung alveoli?

  • Edema (correct)
  • Embolism
  • Hyperemia
  • Thrombosis

Which of the following is NOT a cause of increased hydrostatic pressure of the blood leading to edema?

  • Heart failure
  • Malnutrition (correct)
  • Glomerulopathies
  • Liver disease

What is the term for the formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel?

<p>Thrombosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot or other material that has traveled from another part of the body?

<p>Embolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of increased osmotic pressure of interstitial tissue leading to edema?

<p>Inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary cause of localized oedema in elephantiasis?

<p>Lymphatic obstruction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an increase in blood flow in an organ or tissue due to dilatation of arteries or arterioles?

<p>Hyperaemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of heart failure is characterized by pulmonary venous congestion?

<p>Left-sided heart failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of chronic venous congestion in congestive heart failure?

<p>Congested pulsating neck veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of oedema is most obvious in the face and eyelids?

<p>Renal oedema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of thrombosis formation in the context of endothelial injury?

<p>Coagulation system activation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common site for thrombosis in the heart?

<p>Atria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a type of oedema that occurs due to increased permeability of capillaries?

<p>Inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a thrombus that forms in the veins due to lack of motility?

<p>Phlebothrombosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the solid mass formed by the entanglement of blood elements and fibrin?

<p>Thrombus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the three primary influences that predispose to thrombus formation?

<p>Virchow triad (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common site for thrombosis in the arteries?

<p>Atherosclerosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the impaction of an undissolved substance carried by the blood in a blood vessel that is too small to permit further passage?

<p>Embolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for a 30-year-old male patient who complains of severe chest pain and dyspnea after 3 months of recumbency following a fracture of the tibia?

<p>Fat embolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the formation of blood clots within blood vessels during life?

<p>Thrombosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the fragmentation of a thrombus?

<p>Thrombotic emboli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the spread of tumor cells through the blood vessels?

<p>Tumor emboli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition characterized by the formation of blood clots within blood vessels throughout the body?

<p>Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a large embolus occluding a pulmonary artery branch?

<p>Pain and dyspnea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of ischemia?

<p>Decreased blood supply relative to demand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of thrombus?

<p>Formed after death or outside the CVS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely mechanism of edema in a 60-year-old male with liver cirrhosis?

<p>Decreased osmotic pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the necrosis of tissue due to ischemia?

<p>Ischemic necrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is an example of an organ with end arteries?

<p>Kidney (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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