Circulation of Blood & Cardiovascular Physiology Quiz

Cardiac contractility, control of cardiac output, and features of cardiac muscle.

Bulk flow of materials (gases, nutrients, hormones, waste), temperature regulation, homeostasis, host defense, and reproduction.

Heart, autonomic nerves, and blood vessels.

<p>Activity and functions of the respiratory and renal systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological properties of the heart, vasculature, microcirculation, control of blood pressure, control of blood volume, and exercise and blood flow through special regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure adequate blood flow through the capillaries of various organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arterioles, precapillary sphincters, capillaries, venules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atrioventricular (cuspid) valves: Tricuspid valve between right atrium and right ventricle, Bicuspid (mitral) valve between left atrium and left ventricle. Semiluminar valves: Aortic valve between left ventricle and aorta, Pulmonary valve between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Striated, connected via intercalated discs, electrical connection through gap junctions, desmosomes for strong adhesion, functional syncytium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>L-type dihydropyridine channels open in response to an action potential and allow calcium ions to enter the cardiac muscle cells, triggering contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac T-tubules are 5 times greater in diameter than skeletal muscle T-tubules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucopolysaccharides in cardiac T-tubules sequester calcium ions, regulating their release and preventing excessive contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DHP activation causes the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via ryanodine release channels, which further enhances muscle contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extrinsic sympathetic nervous system increases cardiac muscle contractility by releasing norepinephrine, which stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors on the cardiac muscle cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The electrical activity of the heart, as measured by the electrocardiogram, precedes and coordinates the mechanical events of the cardiac cycle, including atrial and ventricular contraction and relaxation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On the left side of the heart, the volume/pressure diagram shows higher pressures and smaller volumes compared to the right side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The refractory period is a period of time after a cardiac muscle cell has depolarized and contracted, during which it is unresponsive to further stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main events of the cardiac cycle include atrial and ventricular contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole), as well as the opening and closing of the heart valves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sympathetic nervous system increases cardiac output by increasing heart rate and contractility, as well as constricting peripheral blood vessels to redirect blood flow to vital organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers