Chapter 14
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Questions and Answers

Where does pulmonary circulation begin and end?

  • Vena cava and aorta
  • Right heart and left heart (correct)
  • Large veins and large arteries
  • Small veins and small arteries

    • Which component of the vascular tree has the highest cross-sectional area?

  • Arterioles
  • Aorta (correct)
  • Arteries
  • Capillaries

    • What is the main function of capillaries?

  • Blood flow control
  • Collection of blood from capillaries
  • High pressure blood transport
  • Nutrient exchange (correct)

    • Which component of the vascular tree collects blood from capillaries?

    <p>Venules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the vascular tree serves as a conduit for blood transport back to the heart?

    <p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the arterial system?

    <p>Control of blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the venous system?

    <p>High volume blood storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the arterial system?

    <p>High pressure, low volume, high compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the venous system considered high compliance (capacitance)?

    <p>Ability to stretch and accommodate changes in blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the compliance of the arterial and venous systems?

    <p>The venous system has higher compliance than the arterial system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of anemia in the gums?

    <p>Whiter shade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of antibiotic prophylaxis before invasive dental procedures for individuals with anemia?

    <p>To prevent possible infection risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method measures blood flow by utilizing the generation of electromotive force in blood moving through a magnetic field?

    <p>Electromagnetic flowmeter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the high compliance (capacitance) of the venous system?

    <p>High volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents Ohm's Law for blood flow?

    <p>$F = \Delta P \times R$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does dilation of blood vessels have on blood flow?

    <p>Increases blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does constriction of blood vessels have on blood flow?

    <p>Decreases blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to vascular resistance when pressure increases?

    <p>Vascular resistance decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes changes in blood flow?

    <p>Changes in sympathetic nerve stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increased sympathetic nerve stimulation have on blood flow?

    <p>Decreases blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Poiseuille Law, which factor has the greatest impact on resistance to blood flow in a vessel?

    <p>Radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about laminar flow?

    <p>Each layer of blood remains the same distance from the wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between blood flow and resistance in a vessel according to the Poiseuille Law?

    <p>Blood flow is inversely proportional to resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is the most sensitive to changes in resistance?

    <p>Radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for blood flow according to the Poiseuille Law?

    <p>$F = \Delta P / R$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for total peripheral resistance (Rtotal) in the circulatory system?

    <p>$Rtotal = 1/R1 + 1/R2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of the tendency for turbulence to occur in blood flow according to Reynolds' number (Re)?

    <p>Flow velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the 4th power Law, how does a 4-fold increase in vessel diameter affect resistance and blood flow?

    <p>Resistance decreases by a factor of 16 and blood flow increases by a factor of 256</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for blood flow according to Ohm's Law?

    <p>$F = \Delta P / R$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the pressure lowest in the vascular tree?

    <p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about resistance beds in parallel?

    <p>They offer less resistance compared to beds in series</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the venous system?

    <p>Low pressure, low volume, high compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of the circulatory system?

    <p>Deliver nutrients and remove wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the regulation of blood flow to each tissue?

    <p>Blood flow to each tissue is always precisely controlled in relation to tissue needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the control of cardiac output?

    <p>Cardiac output is controlled mainly by the sum of all the local tissue flows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the control of arterial pressure?

    <p>Arterial pressure is controlled independently of local blood flow control or cardiac output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors determines blood flow through a vessel?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between blood flow and resistance in a vessel?

    <p>Blood flow is inversely proportional to resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main determinant of resistance to blood flow in a vessel?

    <p>Vessel diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

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