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Questions and Answers
Where does the blood flow route start and end in the pulmonary circulation?
Which component of the vascular tree has the highest cross-sectional area?
Which component of the vascular tree has the thinnest wall?
What is the average pressure in the arterial system?
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What is the volume of the arterial system as a percentage of the total blood volume?
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Where is the site of most vascular resistance?
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Where is the pressure lowest in the circulatory system?
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Why is the venous system considered high compliance?
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What is the goal of the circulatory system?
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What is controlled independently in the circulatory system?
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Which method is used to measure blood flow by generating electromotive force in blood moving through a magnetic field?
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What is a common symptom of anemia in the gums?
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Where is most of the blood volume located?
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Where is the site of most vascular resistance?
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Where is the pressure lowest?
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Why is the venous system considered to have high compliance (capacitance)?
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What is the equation for blood flow according to Ohm's Law?
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What happens to vascular resistance when vessels dilate?
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What happens to blood flow when vessels constrict?
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What effect does increased sympathetic nerve stimulation have on blood flow at a given pressure?
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Which equation represents the relationship between pressure difference, flow, and resistance?
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What determines the quantity of blood that passes a certain point at a given period of time?
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What is the measure of the tendency for turbulence to occur in blood flow?
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According to the 4th power Law, how does a slight change in diameter of an arteriole affect blood flow?
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What is the equation for blood flow according to Poiseuille's Law?
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What determines the total resistance in the circulatory system?
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What is the equation for the summation of resistances in a series circuit?
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What does an increase in hematocrit lead to?
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What is the equation for blood flow according to Poiseuille's Law when hematocrit is considered?
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What happens to total resistance when a resistance bed is lost in a parallel circuit?
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During Pulmonary circulation, blood travels through the arterioles to?
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What is the importance of pulmonary circulation?
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What is the function of arterioles in pulmonary circulation?
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Study Notes
Pulmonary Circulation
- The blood flow route in the pulmonary circulation starts in the pulmonary arteries and ends in the pulmonary veins.
- The importance of pulmonary circulation is to oxygenate blood and remove carbon dioxide.
Vascular Tree
- The component of the vascular tree with the highest cross-sectional area is the capillaries.
- The component of the vascular tree with the thinnest wall is the capillaries.
Blood Pressure
- The average pressure in the arterial system is approximately 90 mmHg.
- The pressure is lowest in the venous system, particularly in the vena cava.
Vascular Resistance
- The site of most vascular resistance is in the arterioles.
- Vascular resistance decreases when vessels dilate and increases when vessels constrict.
Blood Flow
- The goal of the circulatory system is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues and remove waste products.
- Blood flow is controlled independently in the circulatory system.
- The equation for blood flow according to Ohm's Law is Q = ΔP/R, where Q is blood flow, ΔP is pressure difference, and R is resistance.
- The equation for blood flow according to Poiseuille's Law is Q = (π × ΔP × r^4) / (8 × η × L), where Q is blood flow, ΔP is pressure difference, r is radius, η is viscosity, and L is length.
Hemodynamics
- The method used to measure blood flow by generating electromotive force in blood moving through a magnetic field is electromagnetic flowmetry.
- The measure of the tendency for turbulence to occur in blood flow is Reynolds number.
- According to the 4th power Law, a slight change in diameter of an arteriole affects blood flow dramatically.
- The total resistance in the circulatory system is determined by the sum of resistances in each segment of the vascular tree.
Venous System
- The venous system is considered high compliance (capacitance) due to its ability to stretch and accommodate large volumes of blood.
- An increase in hematocrit leads to an increase in blood viscosity, which affects blood flow.
- The equation for blood flow according to Poiseuille's Law when hematocrit is considered is Q = (π × ΔP × r^4) / (8 × η × L), where η is affected by hematocrit.
Circulatory System
- The blood volume is approximately 5 liters in an adult, with most of it located in the venous system.
- The circulatory system is a parallel circuit, and the loss of a resistance bed in a parallel circuit decreases total resistance.
- Increased sympathetic nerve stimulation increases blood flow at a given pressure by increasing heart rate and contractility.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the mechanics of blood flow and circulation in the body with this quiz. Challenge yourself to identify the components and routes of pulmonary circulation.
