Circular Motion Introduction and Characteristics
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Questions and Answers

What are the two types of circular motion mentioned in the text?

Revolution and rotation

Why is circular motion considered accelerated?

Direction of velocity changes at every instant

What makes circular motion periodic?

Particle repeats its path along the same trajectory

How is angular displacement analogous to displacement in translational motion?

<p>Angular displacement is similar to displacement in translational motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for tangential velocity in circular motion?

<p>Tangential velocity = angular velocity x radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Uniform Circular Motion (UCM)?

<p>Circular motion where the speed of the particle remains constant, and only the direction of velocity changes at every instant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the direction of angular velocity be determined?

<p>By using the right hand rule, where the thumb points in the direction of angular velocity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the centripetal force in Circular Motion?

<p>The force directed towards the center of the circular path, responsible for keeping an object in circular motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the forces acting on a car on a horizontal circular track?

<p>Weight mg downwards and normal reaction N upwards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the forces acting on a point mass undergoing vertical circular motion under gravity?

<p>Weight mg downwards and tension along the string.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Circular Motion

  • Two main types: Uniform Circular Motion (UCM) and Non-uniform Circular Motion.
  • UCM involves constant speed along a circular path, while non-uniform motion involves varying speeds.

Acceleration in Circular Motion

  • Circular motion is classified as accelerated because the direction of velocity changes continuously, even if speed remains constant.
  • Centripetal acceleration is directed towards the center of the circle, indicating continual change in direction.

Periodic Nature of Circular Motion

  • Circular motion is periodic as it repeats after equal intervals of time.
  • One complete revolution corresponds to one period, which is consistent regardless of speed.

Angular Displacement

  • Angular displacement is analogous to linear displacement in translational motion, representing the angle through which a point or line has been rotated about a fixed axis.
  • Measured in radians, it indicates the orientation change over time.

Tangential Velocity Formula

  • The formula for tangential velocity (v) in circular motion:
    v = rω
    where r is the radius of the circular path and ω is the angular velocity in radians per second.

Uniform Circular Motion (UCM)

  • UCM is characterized by constant speed and constant radius without changes in the magnitude of velocity.
  • In UCM, centripetal acceleration and net force are directed towards the center of the circular path.

Direction of Angular Velocity

  • The direction of angular velocity can be determined using the right-hand rule: if the fingers of the right hand curl in the direction of rotation, the thumb points in the direction of the angular velocity vector.

Centripetal Force

  • Centripetal force is the net force causing an object to move in a circular path, always directed towards the center of the circle.
  • It is necessary to keep an object in circular motion and is calculated as F_c = mv²/r, where m is mass, v is tangential speed, and r is the radius.

Forces on a Car on a Horizontal Circular Track

  • On a horizontal track, the primary force acting on a car is the frictional force between the tires and the road, providing the necessary centripetal force to maintain circular motion.
  • The gravitational force acts downward while the normal force acts upward, balancing vertically.

Forces on a Point Mass in Vertical Circular Motion

  • In vertical circular motion, forces include gravitational force acting downward and tension force acting along the path of the motion.
  • The net force changes depending on the position along the circular path, affecting the tension and resulting centripetal force required for motion.

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Test your knowledge on the introduction to circular motion and its characteristics. Understand the difference between revolution and rotation, as well as the accelerated nature of circular motion.

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