Circular Data Structures Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What limitation does a circular list have?

A node cannot be deleted if the pointer to that node is known. (correct)

Nodes cannot be dynamically allocated.

Traversal can only occur in one direction.

It does not allow duplicate elements.

What is the primary advantage of a doubly linked list over a singly linked list?

Traversal in both directions is possible. (correct)

Memory usage is always lower.

Each node stores fewer data elements.

Insertion at the end is faster.

In a binary tree, which of the following is true?

Each node is divided into left and right subtrees. (correct)

Each node can have up to three children.

Each node can have at least one child.

Each node must have exactly two children.

What does allocating a new node in a circular linked list require?

Linking the last node directly to the head. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about trees is incorrect?

All nodes must have at least one child. Signup and view all the answers

What must occur to replace the data in the nth node of a list?

The list must be traversed until the nth node is reached. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements applies to a strictly binary tree?

All non-leaf nodes have exactly two children. Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of a node in a doubly linked list?

Two pointers for both the next and previous nodes. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a strictly binary tree?

Every non-leaf node has nonempty left and right subtrees. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ancestor of a node?

A node that is the father or the father of some ancestor of another node. Signup and view all the answers

In a complete binary tree, when are all leaf nodes situated?

In the same level. Signup and view all the answers

What is true regarding levels in a tree?

The depth of a tree is the maximum level of any leaf node. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes an almost complete binary tree?

Any node with a right descendant at level D must have a left son. Signup and view all the answers

What indicates the longest path from the root to any leaf node?

Depth of the tree. Signup and view all the answers

In a strictly binary tree with n leaf nodes, how many total nodes are present?

2n - 1 Signup and view all the answers

What traversal method visits nodes in the order of root, left subtree, and then right subtree?

Preorder Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Circular List

Data structure with nodes linked in a circle, the last node points to the first node
A node has an integer value (int info) and a pointer to the next node in the list (struct list *next)
Defined using a type definition typedef struct node *ptr;
Memory allocated using malloc(sizeof(struct node))
Error handling for memory allocation is included using an if statement (if (p != null))

Inserting a Node

insert(ptr p, int n) function inserts n nodes after the given pointer p
Iterates n times, allocating a new node
Links the nodes sequentially in a circle
Creates an iterative chain from the original node (p) onward
The last node in the chain is linked back to the original node (p).

Inserting a Node at the Start

insert(ptr p) function inserts a new node at the beginning of the circular list
locates the last node in the list
Allocates a new node (q)
Sets the next pointer of the new node (q->next) to point to the node after the last node
Sets the next pointer of the last node (p->next) to point to the new node

Inserting a Node at the End

insert(ptr p) function inserts a new node at the end of the circular list
Iterates through the list stopping before original node p->next
Allocates a new node (q)
Sets the next pointer of the new node (q->next) to point to the node after the last node
Sets the next pointer of the last node (p->next) to point to the new node

Replacing Data

replace(ptr p, int n, int num) function replaces the data in the nth node of the list with num.
Handles empty list case using if (p == null): Prints "empty list"
Iterates n times through the list to reach the nth node
Assigns the given data num to the nth node

Circular List Limitations

No backward traversal possible
Cannot delete a node knowing only a pointer to that node directly

Doubly Linked List

Each node has two pointers: One to the next node and one to the previous node.
Enables traversal in both directions.

Creating a Single Node

struct node definition with int info, struct node *pre, and struct node *next.
typedef struct node *ptr; statement defines a pointer to struct node.
The code provides a Void main() function that demonstrates creating a struct node and populating its elements with example values (p->info = 10; p-> pre = null; p-> next = null;)

Trees

Non-linear data structures
Each node can point to more than one node
A root node is the topmost node in a tree
Nodes organize data hierarchically.

Binary Tree

Tree where each node has at most two children (left and right)
Can have empty subtrees

Terminologies

Father: A node that has another node as a child node
Son: A node that is a child of another node
Leaf: A node with no children
Ancestor: A node that has another node as a descendant
Descendant: A node that is a child or a descendant of another node
Brothers: Nodes that share the same parent node.

Almost Complete Binary Tree

Binary tree of depth D
Any node in a level less than D-1 has two sons
Any node in the tree with a right descendant in level D should have a left son; and every left descendant in that node is a leaf at level D or has two sons.

Tree Construction

The root of the tree is the first element added to the tree
Inserting nodes based on the order they would appear on a tree, right node is greater, left node is smaller

Operations

Finding duplicates in the tree
Traversal (pre-order, in-order, post-order)
Searching
Sorting

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Description

Test your knowledge of circular linked lists, including how to insert nodes and manage memory allocation. This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of defining and manipulating this unique data structure in programming. Ensure you understand both the circular structure and node management techniques.