Circuit Switching vs Message Switching

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Network Layer?

To move data(frames) from one node to another node
To handle access control and flow control
To encode bits into signals
To provide logical addressing and routing (correct)

What is the primary function of the Physical Layer?

To move data(frames) from one node to another node
To handle error control and access control
To provide logical addressing and routing
To transmit bits over a medium (correct)

What is the main purpose of framing in the Data Link Layer?

To add MAC addresses to the frame
To synchronize the clock between sender and receiver
To group binary data into a frame (correct)
To control the flow of data packets

What is the purpose of access control in the Data Link Layer?

To avoid clashing or using a specific link (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the rate of how many number of bits sent each second?

Data rate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of physical addressing in the Data Link Layer?

To add a MAC address to the frame (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of error control in the Data Link Layer?

To identify and correct errors in the frame (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of converting zeroes and ones into a signal?

Encoding (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of circuit switching?

A dedicated path is established between the sender and receiver (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sequence numbers in packet switching?

To detect missing packets and send acknowledgement (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an advantage of layering in data communication?

It provides more modular design and easy troubleshooting (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between datagram and virtual circuit approaches in packet switching?

Datagram approach is connectionless, while virtual circuit is connection-oriented (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of protocols in data communication?

To set rules that govern data communication (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a phase in circuit switching?

Connection establishment (A) Signup and view all the answers

In a Point to Point Communication, how many nodes share the channel or medium?

Two nodes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of message switching?

Store and forward mechanism is used at the intermediary node (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main responsibility of the Network Layer in the OSI model?

Dealing with routing by the use of IP address (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of circuit switching?

It ensures guaranteed bandwidth for data transfer (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an exploit in the context of Computer Network Security?

A piece of code that finds and takes advantage of a security flaw (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Network Security?

To create a secure infrastructure for devices and applications (C) Signup and view all the answers

In a Point to Multipoint Communication, how many nodes share the channel or medium?

Many nodes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of transmission mode allows data to flow in one direction?

Simplex (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of transmission mode allows two devices to send and receive at the same time?

Full Duplex (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of the Data Link Layer in the OSI model?

Node to node ensuring all is well, and adding MAC address (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a firewall in network security?

To act as a barrier between trusted internal and untrusted external networks (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS)?

To monitor network traffic for suspicious activity and policy violations (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of network security?

To protect the organization's reputation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why organizations need network security?

To deliver services that customers and employees demand (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a Virtual Private Network (VPN)?

To secure data transmission over public networks (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Network Access Control (NAC)?

To regulate access to the network (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an exploit in the context of cybersecurity?

A method used by cybercriminals to deliver malware (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Anti-Malware and Anti-Virus Software?

To protect systems from malware (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Data Loss Prevention (DLP)?

To monitor and protect sensitive data to prevent unauthorized access, usage, or transmission (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Secure Email Gateway?

To protect email communication by filtering out harmful content and ensuring secure transmission of email data (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a feature of Web Security Gateway?

Spam filtering (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Network Segmentation?

To divide a network into smaller, isolated segments to contain security breaches and limit lateral movement of attackers within the network (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is SQL Injection?

A type of cyber attack in which an attacker manipulates an SQL query to execute malicious SQL code on a database (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Identity and Access Management (IAM)?

To manage user identities and access permissions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Wireless Security?

To protect wireless networks from unauthorized access and attacks, ensuring secure data transmission over Wi-Fi (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a component of Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)?

Log management (D) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Network Fundamentals

Circuit switching: a dedicated path is established between sender and receiver before data transfer
- 3 phases: connection establishment, data transfer, connection disconnection
- Example: telephone network
Message switching: store and forward mechanism, message is transferred as a complete unit
Packet switching: message is broken into individual packets, each with source and destination IP address and sequence number
- 2 approaches: datagram packet switching (connectionless) and virtual circuit packet switching (connection-oriented)

Network Layers

Layering: decomposing problem into manageable components (layers)
- Advantages: modular design, easy troubleshooting
Network Layer: provides logical addressing, routing
Data Link Layer: responsible for moving data (frames) between nodes
- Services: framing, physical addressing, flow control, error control, access control
Physical Layer: responsible for transmitting bits over a medium, provides electrical and mechanical specifications
- 2 kinds of medium: wired and wireless

Physical Layer

Physical characteristics of medium: determines type of medium (wired or wireless)
Representation of bits: encoding (converting 0s and 1s into signal)
Data rate: transmission rate (number of bits sent per second)
Synchronization of bits: clock synchronization between sender and receiver
Line configuration: point-to-point communication (single channel/medium) vs. point-to-multipoint communication (shared channel/medium)
Physical topology: type of network topology
Transmission mode: simplex (one-way), half-duplex (two-way, not simultaneous), full-duplex (two-way, simultaneous)

Computer Network Security

Network security: protection of underlying networking infrastructure from unauthorized access, misuse, or theft
- Combines multiple layers of defenses at the edge and in the network
Exploits: programs or code designed to find and take advantage of security flaws
Types of network security:
- Firewall security
- Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS)
- Virtual Private Network (VPN)
- Anti-malware and anti-virus software
- Network Access Control (NAC)
- Data Loss Prevention (DLP)
- Secure Email Gateway
- Web Security Gateway
- Wireless Security
- Network Segmentation
- Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)
- Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Network Threats

SQL injection: type of cyber attack that manipulates SQL queries to execute malicious code on a database

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