Circuit and Packet Switching Techniques
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Questions and Answers

What is the main disadvantage of optic fiber cables?

  • They are expensive and unidirectional. (correct)
  • They are not affected by electromagnetic noise.
  • They are not lightweight.
  • They have lower bandwidth.

    • Which electromagnetic frequency range is commonly used for wireless communication?

  • 900 THz to 100 GHz
  • 100 GHz to 100 THz
  • 300 Hz to 3 kHz
  • 3 kHz to 900 THz (correct)

    • What is a key advantage of using fiber optic cables in backbone networks?

  • They are the cheapest option available.
  • They can transfer signals over short distances only.
  • They have higher bandwidth for better data transfer rate. (correct)
  • They are the only option for full duplex communication.

    • What technology utilizes microwaves for communication?

    <p>Geostationary satellites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do wireless technologies facilitate communication?

    <p>Using electromagnetic signals through air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To achieve full duplex communication using optic fiber, how many cables are needed?

    <p>Two cables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of wireless communication technology?

    <p>Optic fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property do fiber optic cables have that allows signals to travel longer distances?

    <p>Ability to minimize electromagnetic interference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material surrounds the copper core in a coaxial cable?

    <p>Plastic cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of the design of coaxial cables?

    <p>Resistance to environmental interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does optical fiber transmit data?

    <p>As light signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cladding in optical fiber cables?

    <p>To direct light through the media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the core of the coaxial cable?

    <p>Conducts electrical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which frequency characteristic is relevant to optical fiber transmission?

    <p>Wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically found as an outer layer in coaxial cables?

    <p>Plastic cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor enhances the transmission capabilities of coaxial cables?

    <p>High frequency operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency range of radio waves?

    <p>3 KHz - 1 GHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties is true for microwaves?

    <p>They have a frequency range of 1 GHz - 300 GHz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of radio waves in the frequency range of 300 KHz - 30 MHz?

    <p>They can travel long distances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electromagnetic wave is primarily used in AM and FM radio?

    <p>Radio waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes microwaves from radio waves regarding their movement?

    <p>Microwaves can only move in one direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electromagnetic wave category can penetrate walls?

    <p>Radio waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about infrared waves is correct?

    <p>Infrared waves have a frequency range of 1 GHz - 300 THz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be said about the susceptibility of radio waves to interference?

    <p>They are more susceptible compared to microwaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PPP ensure between two communicating devices?

    <p>Data integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key function of the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)?

    <p>Processes message headers for email routing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What requirement must devices meet to utilize the Point to Point Protocol (PPP)?

    <p>Must have duplex modes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of FTP, what is managed when transferring files between different systems?

    <p>File naming conventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the responsibilities of PPP regarding data transmission?

    <p>Notifies about lost packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connection does Point to Point Protocol (PPP) establish?

    <p>Dedicated and direct connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of email does SMTP not concern itself with?

    <p>Content of the email message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature does NOT belong to the operation of FTP?

    <p>Encrypting file transfers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of circuit switching?

    <p>A dedicated path is established between sender and receiver before communication starts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In packet switching, what happens to the packets after they are transmitted?

    <p>They arrive at the destination, are reassembled to recreate the original message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a packet in packet switching?

    <p>A piece of data containing a header and a main message part.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between circuit switching and packet switching?

    <p>Packet switching occupies a channel only for the duration of packet transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the switching equipment play in circuit switching?

    <p>It establishes a physical path before communication begins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is packet switching considered more flexible than circuit switching?

    <p>It allows different packets to take various routes to the destination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the channel usage in circuit switching?

    <p>The channel remains dedicated to the connection for its entire duration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of circuit switching mentioned in the context?

    <p>Making a traditional telephone call.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Switching Techniques

    • Circuit Switching

      • Establishes a dedicated path between sender and receiver before communication starts.
      • Utilizes a connected sequence of links for the entire duration of a call, typical in traditional telephone systems.
      • Example: A telephone call where a physical channel is set up from one phone to another.

    • Packet Switching

      • Breaks down messages into smaller packets for transmission.
      • Enables independent routing of packets through the network, improving efficiency.
      • Each packet consists of a header (destination and information) and the main message.
      • Reassembly occurs at the destination, allowing for flexible communication channels.

    Coaxial Cable

    • Composed of a copper core surrounded by insulating material and an outer conductor, usually copper mesh.
    • Effective at transmitting signals over longer distances with higher frequencies while minimizing interference.
    • Commonly used for connecting different local area networks (LANs).

    Optical Fiber Cable

    • Transmits data as light through a thin strand of glass using refraction.
    • Offers higher bandwidth and data transfer rates than traditional cables, but is more expensive.
    • Requires two cables for full duplex communication, as it is typically unidirectional.
    • Lightweight and immune to electromagnetic interference, allowing signals to travel longer distances.

    Wireless Transmission Media

    • Uses electromagnetic signals to transmit information through the air.
    • Electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communication ranges from 3 KHz to 900 THz.
    • Categories of waves used:
      • Radio Waves (3 KHz - 1 GHz): Omni-directional, good for long distances; used in AM/FM radio.
      • Microwaves (1 GHz - 300 GHz): Unidirectional, suitable for point-to-point communication.
      • Infrared Waves: Utilized in short-range communications.

    Point to Point Protocol (PPP)

    • Establishes a direct connection between two devices for data exchange, ensuring data integrity.
    • Commonly used in device communication, such as between routers or home computers and ISP servers.
    • Maintains packet order, detects lost packets, and requests retransmission if necessary.

    Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

    • Protocol for sending emails, focusing on the message header rather than its content.
    • Each email contains the addresses of recipients in the header.
    • The SMTP sender queues outgoing mails and transmits them to the designated destination(s).

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    Related Documents

    class 12 chapter 11.pdf

    Description

    This quiz explores two fundamental switching techniques: Circuit Switching and Packet Switching. Designed for those studying Voice over Long-Term Evolution (VoLTE), it covers the principles of establishing dedicated paths for communication. Test your understanding of these key concepts in modern telecommunications.

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