Circuit and Packet Switching Techniques

Questions and Answers

What is the main disadvantage of optic fiber cables?

They are expensive and unidirectional. (correct)

They are not affected by electromagnetic noise.

They are not lightweight.

They have lower bandwidth.

Which electromagnetic frequency range is commonly used for wireless communication?

900 THz to 100 GHz

100 GHz to 100 THz

300 Hz to 3 kHz

3 kHz to 900 THz (correct)

What is a key advantage of using fiber optic cables in backbone networks?

They are the cheapest option available.

They can transfer signals over short distances only.

They have higher bandwidth for better data transfer rate. (correct)

They are the only option for full duplex communication.

What technology utilizes microwaves for communication?

Geostationary satellites Signup and view all the answers

How do wireless technologies facilitate communication?

Using electromagnetic signals through air. Signup and view all the answers

To achieve full duplex communication using optic fiber, how many cables are needed?

Two cables Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of wireless communication technology?

Optic fiber Signup and view all the answers

What property do fiber optic cables have that allows signals to travel longer distances?

Ability to minimize electromagnetic interference. Signup and view all the answers

What material surrounds the copper core in a coaxial cable?

Plastic cover Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of the design of coaxial cables?

Resistance to environmental interference Signup and view all the answers

How does optical fiber transmit data?

As light signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cladding in optical fiber cables?

To direct light through the media Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the core of the coaxial cable?

Conducts electrical signals Signup and view all the answers

Which frequency characteristic is relevant to optical fiber transmission?

Wavelength Signup and view all the answers

What is typically found as an outer layer in coaxial cables?

Plastic cover Signup and view all the answers

Which factor enhances the transmission capabilities of coaxial cables?

High frequency operation Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency range of radio waves?

3 KHz - 1 GHz Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties is true for microwaves?

They have a frequency range of 1 GHz - 300 GHz. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of radio waves in the frequency range of 300 KHz - 30 MHz?

They can travel long distances. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of electromagnetic wave is primarily used in AM and FM radio?

Radio waves Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes microwaves from radio waves regarding their movement?

Microwaves can only move in one direction. Signup and view all the answers

Which electromagnetic wave category can penetrate walls?

Radio waves Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about infrared waves is correct?

Infrared waves have a frequency range of 1 GHz - 300 THz. Signup and view all the answers

What can be said about the susceptibility of radio waves to interference?

They are more susceptible compared to microwaves. Signup and view all the answers

What does PPP ensure between two communicating devices?

Data integrity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key function of the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)?

Processes message headers for email routing Signup and view all the answers

What requirement must devices meet to utilize the Point to Point Protocol (PPP)?

Must have duplex modes Signup and view all the answers

In the context of FTP, what is managed when transferring files between different systems?

File naming conventions Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the responsibilities of PPP regarding data transmission?

Notifies about lost packets Signup and view all the answers

What type of connection does Point to Point Protocol (PPP) establish?

Dedicated and direct connection Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of email does SMTP not concern itself with?

Content of the email message Signup and view all the answers

Which feature does NOT belong to the operation of FTP?

Encrypting file transfers Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of circuit switching?

A dedicated path is established between sender and receiver before communication starts. Signup and view all the answers

In packet switching, what happens to the packets after they are transmitted?

They arrive at the destination, are reassembled to recreate the original message. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a packet in packet switching?

A piece of data containing a header and a main message part. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between circuit switching and packet switching?

Packet switching occupies a channel only for the duration of packet transmission. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the switching equipment play in circuit switching?

It establishes a physical path before communication begins. Signup and view all the answers

Why is packet switching considered more flexible than circuit switching?

It allows different packets to take various routes to the destination. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the channel usage in circuit switching?

The channel remains dedicated to the connection for its entire duration. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of circuit switching mentioned in the context?

Making a traditional telephone call. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Switching Techniques

Circuit Switching
- Establishes a dedicated path between sender and receiver before communication starts.
- Utilizes a connected sequence of links for the entire duration of a call, typical in traditional telephone systems.
- Example: A telephone call where a physical channel is set up from one phone to another.
Packet Switching
- Breaks down messages into smaller packets for transmission.
- Enables independent routing of packets through the network, improving efficiency.
- Each packet consists of a header (destination and information) and the main message.
- Reassembly occurs at the destination, allowing for flexible communication channels.

Coaxial Cable

Composed of a copper core surrounded by insulating material and an outer conductor, usually copper mesh.
Effective at transmitting signals over longer distances with higher frequencies while minimizing interference.
Commonly used for connecting different local area networks (LANs).

Optical Fiber Cable

Transmits data as light through a thin strand of glass using refraction.
Offers higher bandwidth and data transfer rates than traditional cables, but is more expensive.
Requires two cables for full duplex communication, as it is typically unidirectional.
Lightweight and immune to electromagnetic interference, allowing signals to travel longer distances.

Wireless Transmission Media

Uses electromagnetic signals to transmit information through the air.
Electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communication ranges from 3 KHz to 900 THz.
Categories of waves used:
- Radio Waves (3 KHz - 1 GHz): Omni-directional, good for long distances; used in AM/FM radio.
- Microwaves (1 GHz - 300 GHz): Unidirectional, suitable for point-to-point communication.
- Infrared Waves: Utilized in short-range communications.

Point to Point Protocol (PPP)

Establishes a direct connection between two devices for data exchange, ensuring data integrity.
Commonly used in device communication, such as between routers or home computers and ISP servers.
Maintains packet order, detects lost packets, and requests retransmission if necessary.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

Protocol for sending emails, focusing on the message header rather than its content.
Each email contains the addresses of recipients in the header.
The SMTP sender queues outgoing mails and transmits them to the designated destination(s).

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Description

This quiz explores two fundamental switching techniques: Circuit Switching and Packet Switching. Designed for those studying Voice over Long-Term Evolution (VoLTE), it covers the principles of establishing dedicated paths for communication. Test your understanding of these key concepts in modern telecommunications.