18 Questions
What is the likely reason for the increase in sympathetic nervous system activation and inflammation?
Sleep deprivation
Which proteins are involved in the cellular basis of circadian rhythms?
Per, tim, and Clock
Which gland produces and releases more melatonin as a response to decreased SCN activity?
Pineal gland
What helps initiate sleep through the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)?
Elevated melatonin levels
Which cells provide light information to the SCN?
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC)
Which structure can generate and maintain circadian rhythms independently of input from other structures?
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
What is the main function of the SCN in regulating circadian rhythms?
Producing specific proteins that interact to create a self-sustaining feedback loop
In Yamazaki et al.’s rat study, how did the adjustment time of liver tissues compare to that of the lung and muscle tissues following a phase shift?
Liver tissues required more cycles than lung and muscle tissues
Which proteins inhibit the production of Clock, a key protein involved in circadian rhythms?
Per and tim proteins
What is the role of CLOCK protein in the cellular basis of circadian rhythms?
Disinhibiting the production of per and tim proteins
What mechanism does the SCN use to regulate the release of melatonin from the pineal gland?
Sympathetic nervous system
What differentiates the adjustment speed of peripheral clocks from that of the SCN when faced with phase shifts?
SCN requires more cycles to adjust than peripheral clocks
What is the primary function of the Cholinergic mesopontine nuclei?
Modulating the amount of sensory input the cortex receives
Which neurotransmitter is predominantly associated with Locus coeruleus?
Norepinephrine
What effect does continued activation by input from the raphe nuclei have on circuits promoting waking?
It inhibits them
What happens in the thalamus when there are no inputs promoting waking?
Neurons synchronize activity in the cortex
What is a direct effect of electrical stimulation of 'NREM-on cells' in the POA?
Immediate NREM sleep
How do lesions of 'NREM-on cells' in the POA affect sleep?
Result in insomnia
Explore experimental findings related to circadian rhythms and tissue transplants, including how isolated SCN tissue cultures mirror the sleep-wake cycle of donors and the impact of SCN transplants on host day-night cycles. Learn about peripheral clocks in the body's cells and the varying rates at which different tissues adjust to phase shifts.
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