CIE IGCSE Physics Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is Speed?

distance ÷ time

What is the shape of a distance-time graph when the object is at rest?

a horizontal line

What is the shape of a distance-time graph when the object is moving with constant speed?

a slanted line

What is the shape of a distance-time graph when the object is moving with changing speed?

<p>a curved line</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance traveled for motion with constant acceleration in a speed-time graph?

<p>the area under the graph</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a body accelerates, its speed-time graph will have a...

<p>positive gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a body decelerates, its speed-time graph will have a...

<p>negative gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

<p>Velocity is a vector while speed is scalar. Velocity has a direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'a' stand for in physics?

<p>∆v ÷ t</p> Signup and view all the answers

On a distance-time graph, speed is represented by...

<p>the gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

On a speed-time graph, acceleration is represented by...

<p>the gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

On a speed-time graph, a straight line with a positive gradient means...

<p>constant acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

On a speed-time graph, a curved line with a positive gradient means...

<p>changing acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is deceleration?

<p>negative acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of a body?

<p>the number of particles it has</p> Signup and view all the answers

Weight is a _____________ force.

<p>gravitational</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between mass and weight?

<p>Weight is affected by gravitational field strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for weight (W)?

<p>m × g</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you compare weights using balance?

<p>You put a weight on each side of the balance and observe which side leans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'inertia'?

<p>It is the idea that if a force is applied to an object, it will not immediately reach a high speed because it requires time to accelerate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of weight?

<p>A body's mass multiplied by the strength of the gravitational field around it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ρ mean?

<p>m × V</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe an experiment to determine the density of a liquid and a regularly shaped solid.

<p>Find the mass by weighing the object on a scale and then use a measuring cylinder to find the volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the determination of the density of an irregularly shaped solid by the method of displacement.

<p>First, fill a Eureka can to the level of the spout, then lower the solid into the water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you predict whether an object will float based on density data?

<p>Compare the density of the object and the density of the liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A force may produce a change in ____ ___ _____ of a body.

<p>size and shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the ways in which a force may change a body.

<p>a change in speed, a change in direction, a change in shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two or more forces are acting on the same line, the resultant force is equal to...

<p>the sum of the forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

If there is no resultant force on a body, it...

<p>either remains at rest or continues at constant speed in a straight line</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is friction?

<p>the force between two surfaces which impedes motion and results in heating</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is air resistance?

<p>a form of friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

State Hooke's Law.

<p>The force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (e) is proportional to that distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does F stand for in Hooke's Law?

<p>k × e</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'limit of proportionality' for an extension-load graph?

<p>Any extension-load graph must eventually end in a curve due to the limit of proportionality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'limit of proportionality'?

<p>when a spring's extension is not directly proportional to the load applied</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Speed

Distance traveled divided by time taken.

Distance-time graph

A graph showing changes in distance over time.

Constant speed

A steady pace of motion.

Acceleration

A change in speed over time.

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Positive gradient

A line that slopes upwards on a speed-time graph.

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Negative gradient

A line sloping downwards on a speed-time graph.

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Velocity

A quantity with both magnitude and direction.

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Acceleration (a)

Change in velocity divided by time taken.

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Speed on a distance-time graph

The slope of a line on a distance-time graph.

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Acceleration on a speed-time graph

The slope of a line on a speed-time graph.

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Constant acceleration

Constant change in velocity over time.

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Changing acceleration

Changing acceleration over time.

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Deceleration

Slowing down; negative acceleration.

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Mass

Amount of matter in a substance.

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Weight

Gravitational force acting on a mass.

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Weight (W)

Force acting on a mass due to gravity.

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Density

Measure of how compact a substance is.

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Density (ρ)

Mass per unit volume.

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Method of displacement

Submerging an object in water to measure its volume.

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Floating

An object that floats.

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Force

A push or pull that can change an object's motion.

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Resultant force

The combined effect of multiple forces.

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No resultant force

No net force acting on an object.

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Friction

Force opposing motion between surfaces.

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Air resistance

Friction experienced by objects moving through air.

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Hooke's Law

States that force exerted on a spring is proportional to its extension.

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Limit of proportionality

Point beyond which Hooke's Law no longer applies.

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Study Notes

Speed and Motion

  • Speed is calculated as distance divided by time.
  • A distance-time graph displays a horizontal line when an object is at rest.
  • A constant speed results in a slanted line on a distance-time graph.
  • A curved line indicates changing speed in a distance-time graph.
  • In speed-time graphs, the area under the graph represents the distance traveled during constant acceleration.
  • A speed-time graph shows a positive gradient for accelerating bodies and a negative gradient for decelerating bodies.
  • Speed is a scalar quantity, while velocity is a vector with both magnitude and direction.

Acceleration

  • Acceleration (a) is defined as the change in velocity (∆v) divided by time (t).
  • On a distance-time graph, speed is represented by the gradient of the line.
  • Acceleration on a speed-time graph is also indicated by the gradient.
  • A straight line with a positive gradient on a speed-time graph indicates constant acceleration.
  • A curved line with a positive gradient suggests changing acceleration.
  • Deceleration is synonymous with negative acceleration.

Mass and Weight

  • Mass refers to the number of particles in a body.
  • Weight is a gravitational force acting on a mass.
  • The difference between mass and weight lies in gravitational field strength affecting weight; mass remains constant.
  • Weight (W) is calculated using the formula W = m × g, where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
  • Comparison of weights using a balance scales involves placing weights on either side and determining which side is heavier.

Density

  • Density (ρ) is calculated as mass (m) multiplied by volume (V).
  • To find the density of a liquid or regular solid, weigh the object, measure the volume, and apply the density formula (ρ = m/V).
  • The method of displacement is used for irregularly shaped solids: submerge the solid in water to measure the volume displaced and then find density.
  • An object will float if its density is less than that of the liquid it's placed in.

Forces and Motion

  • A force can alter the size and shape of a body.
  • Forces can provoke changes in speed, direction, or shape of an object.
  • When forces act along the same line, the resultant force is the sum of the individual forces.
  • A body with no resultant force will either remain still or move at a constant speed in a straight line.
  • Friction is the force between two surfaces that hinders motion and generates heat.
  • Air resistance is a specific type of friction experienced by objects moving through the air.

Hooke's Law

  • Hooke's Law states that the force (F) required to extend or compress a spring is proportional to the distance (e) it is stretched or compressed.
  • The relationship in Hooke's Law is expressed as F = k × e, where k is the spring constant.
  • The limit of proportionality refers to the point on an extension-load graph beyond which the relationship no longer remains linear and begins to curve.

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Test your knowledge of key concepts in CIE IGCSE Physics with these flashcards. Each card provides definitions and explanations about important terms, such as speed and distance-time graphs. Perfect for quick reviews and effective learning.

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