CIE IGCSE Physics Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is Speed?

distance ÷ time

What is the shape of a distance-time graph when the object is at rest?

a horizontal line

What is the shape of a distance-time graph when the object is moving with constant speed?

a slanted line

What is the shape of a distance-time graph when the object is moving with changing speed?

a curved line Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance traveled for motion with constant acceleration in a speed-time graph?

the area under the graph Signup and view all the answers

If a body accelerates, what will its speed-time graph have?

positive gradient Signup and view all the answers

If a body decelerates, what will its speed-time graph have?

negative gradient Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

Velocity is a vector while speed is scalar. Velocity has a direction. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'a' represent in physics?

∆v ÷ t Signup and view all the answers

Speed (on a distance-time graph) =

the gradient Signup and view all the answers

Acceleration (on a speed-time graph) =

the gradient Signup and view all the answers

On a speed-time graph, a straight line with a positive gradient means...

constant acceleration Signup and view all the answers

On a speed-time graph, a curved line with a positive gradient means...

changing acceleration Signup and view all the answers

What is Deceleration?

negative acceleration Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of a body?

the number of particles it has Signup and view all the answers

Weight is a _____________ force

gravitational Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between mass and weight?

Weight is affected by gravitational field strength Signup and view all the answers

W (Weight) =

m × g Signup and view all the answers

How do you compare weights using a balance?

You put a weight on each side of the balance then whichever way the balance leans is the heaviest. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'inertia'?

It is the idea that if a force is applied to an object, it will not immediately reach a high speed because it requires time to accelerate. Signup and view all the answers

Weight (definition) =

A body's mass multiplied by the strength of the gravitational field around it. Signup and view all the answers

What does ρ represent in physics?

m × V Signup and view all the answers

Describe an experiment to determine the density of a liquid and of a regularly shaped solid.

Find the mass by weighing the object on a scale and then use a measuring cylinder to find the volume. Then divide the mass by the volume to get the density in (g/cm³). Signup and view all the answers

Describe the determination of the density of an irregularly shaped solid by the method of displacement.

First, fill a Eureka can to the level of the spout, then lower the solid into the water. Pour the water collected out of the spout into a measuring cylinder. That is the volume of the solid. Then, weigh the mass and apply the density formula (ρ = m × V) to calculate the density. Signup and view all the answers

How do you predict whether an object will float based on density data?

Compare the density of the object and the density of the liquid; if the liquid has a greater density it will float. Signup and view all the answers

A force may produce a change in __ _ _____ of a body.

size and shape Signup and view all the answers

Describe the ways in which a force may change a body.

a change in speed, a change in direction, a change in shape Signup and view all the answers

If two or more forces are acting on the same line, then the resultant force is equal to...

the sum of the forces Signup and view all the answers

If there is no resultant force on a body, it...

either remains at rest or continues at constant speed in a straight line Signup and view all the answers

Friction =

the force between two surfaces which impedes motion and results in heating Signup and view all the answers

Air resistance =

a form of friction Signup and view all the answers

State Hooke's Law.

The force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (e) is proportional to that distance. Signup and view all the answers

F (Hooke's Law) =

k × e Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'limit of proportionality' for an extension-load graph?

Any extension-load graph must eventually end in a curve due to the limit of proportionality. Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'limit of proportionality'?

when a spring's extension is not directly proportional to the load applied Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Speed and Motion

Speed is calculated as distance divided by time.
A distance-time graph displays a horizontal line when an object is at rest.
A constant speed results in a slanted line on a distance-time graph.
A curved line indicates changing speed in a distance-time graph.
In speed-time graphs, the area under the graph represents the distance traveled during constant acceleration.
A speed-time graph shows a positive gradient for accelerating bodies and a negative gradient for decelerating bodies.
Speed is a scalar quantity, while velocity is a vector with both magnitude and direction.

Acceleration

Acceleration (a) is defined as the change in velocity (∆v) divided by time (t).
On a distance-time graph, speed is represented by the gradient of the line.
Acceleration on a speed-time graph is also indicated by the gradient.
A straight line with a positive gradient on a speed-time graph indicates constant acceleration.
A curved line with a positive gradient suggests changing acceleration.
Deceleration is synonymous with negative acceleration.

Mass and Weight

Mass refers to the number of particles in a body.
Weight is a gravitational force acting on a mass.
The difference between mass and weight lies in gravitational field strength affecting weight; mass remains constant.
Weight (W) is calculated using the formula W = m × g, where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Comparison of weights using a balance scales involves placing weights on either side and determining which side is heavier.

Density

Density (ρ) is calculated as mass (m) multiplied by volume (V).
To find the density of a liquid or regular solid, weigh the object, measure the volume, and apply the density formula (ρ = m/V).
The method of displacement is used for irregularly shaped solids: submerge the solid in water to measure the volume displaced and then find density.
An object will float if its density is less than that of the liquid it's placed in.

Forces and Motion

A force can alter the size and shape of a body.
Forces can provoke changes in speed, direction, or shape of an object.
When forces act along the same line, the resultant force is the sum of the individual forces.
A body with no resultant force will either remain still or move at a constant speed in a straight line.
Friction is the force between two surfaces that hinders motion and generates heat.
Air resistance is a specific type of friction experienced by objects moving through the air.

Hooke's Law

Hooke's Law states that the force (F) required to extend or compress a spring is proportional to the distance (e) it is stretched or compressed.
The relationship in Hooke's Law is expressed as F = k × e, where k is the spring constant.
The limit of proportionality refers to the point on an extension-load graph beyond which the relationship no longer remains linear and begins to curve.

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Test your knowledge of key concepts in Physics with these flashcards tailored for the CIE IGCSE curriculum. This quiz covers topics such as speed, distance-time graphs, and varying motion, essential for mastering the subject. Perfect for revision or quick quizzes before exams.