CIE Approved Illuminants
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Questions and Answers

Which illuminant represents light from an incandescent lamp?

  • Illuminant A (correct)
  • Illuminant B
  • Illuminant D
  • Illuminant C

    • What is the color temperature of Illuminant B?

  • 4800 K (correct)
  • 300 nm
  • 2854 K
  • 6500 K

    • What do the CIE 100 standard observation curves quantify?

  • The energy spectra of daylight down to 300 nm
  • The spectrum of the source of light
  • The reflectance/transmission curve of an object
  • The average response of the human eye to red, green, and blue (correct)

    • Which method is NOT used for assigning colors to their appropriate locations in a color space?

    <p>Psychophysical quantification methods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color scale is based on opponent colors theory?

    <p>Hunter Lab color scale (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'L' in the Hunter Lab color scale?

    <p>Lightness or darkness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the least objectionable difference in color perception?

    <p>Light differences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two color spaces are mathematically derived from x, y, z values?

    <p>CIE L* a* b* (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the L in Lab color space represent?

    <p>Lightness or darkness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of cone cells in the human eye?

    <p>Red, green, and blue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the CIE x, y, z standard observer curves?

    <p>To plot human response against color wavelength (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common method for quantifying and characterizing a light source?

    <p>Representing it as a function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'chroma' refer to in the perception of color?

    <p>Vividness of color (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the early researchers' choice of reference stimuli for defining color?

    <p>XYZ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an attribute of color in the physical sense?

    <p>Shape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the better approach for defining color in food manufacturing operations?

    <p>Objective interpretation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Munsell system used for?

    <p>Visual comparison of colors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are the results of color measurement using the Munsell system subjective?

    <p>They vary with assessors and conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of color spaces?

    <p>Standardizing color representation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the limitations of using color measurement as a quality control mechanism for food manufacturing operations?

    <p>Varying results with assessors and conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a change in one attribute of color result in?

    <p>A change in hue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used for colour determination of beer and worts?

    <p>Beer tintometer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final colour trimming achieved by in whiskey production?

    <p>Caramel colouring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instrument is used for colour determination of cider?

    <p>Minolta colorimeter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is measured in the method for colour determination of whiskey?

    <p>Absorbance of a sample (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization developed the internationally recognized method for colour determination of whiskey?

    <p>Association of Analytical Chemist (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wavelength of light used in the method for colour determination of whiskey?

    <p>525 nm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instrument offers more flexibility in range of beverages for colour determination?

    <p>Minolta colorimeter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What parameters does the laboratory set for colour determination of cider?

    <p>Tristimulus reading (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the colour of whiskey affected by the interaction between the distillate and the cask it matures in?

    <p>It becomes completely colourless (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attribute of color in the physical sense is related to hue and saturation?

    <p>Chromatic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attribute of color in the physical sense is related to shape, distribution of light, gloss, and haze?

    <p>Geometric (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using color spaces?

    <p>To define color objectively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of using the Munsell system for color measurement?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the CIE x, y, z standard observer curves?

    <p>To define color objectively (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'chroma' in the perception of color?

    <p>Hue and saturation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two attributes of color in the physical sense?

    <p>Appearance and chromatic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization developed the internationally recognized method for color determination of whiskey?

    <p>Association of Analytical Chemists (AAC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instrument is used for color determination of cider?

    <p>Minolta colorimeter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final color trimming achieved by in whiskey production?

    <p>Use of caramel coloring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What parameters does the laboratory set for color determination of cider?

    <p>Tristimulus reading (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used for color determination of beer and worts?

    <p>Beer tintometer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a change in one attribute of color result in?

    <p>Change in chroma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wavelength of light used in the method for color determination of whiskey?

    <p>525 nm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the better approach for defining color in food manufacturing operations?

    <p>Objective color measurement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the limitations of using color measurement as a quality control mechanism for food manufacturing operations?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following illuminants represents direct sunlight?

    <p>Illuminant B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the CIE tristimulus color values X, Y, and Z?

    <p>To quantify the average response of the human eye to red, green, and blue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a colorimeter in colorimetry?

    <p>To measure the amount of light passing through RBG filters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color scale is based on the opponent colors theory?

    <p>Hunter Lab color scale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a spectrophotometer in colorimetry?

    <p>To obtain spectral data of a sample (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the CIE standard observer curves?

    <p>To quantify the average response of the human eye to red, green, and blue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'chroma' refer to in the perception of color?

    <p>The degree of color intensity or purity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the CIE x, y, z standard observer curves?

    <p>To determine the human eye's response to color (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the L in Lab color space represent?

    <p>Lightness or darkness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two color spaces are mathematically derived from x, y, z values?

    <p>Hunter L<em>a</em>b* and CIE L<em>a</em>b* (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the better approach for defining color in food manufacturing operations?

    <p>Using the CIE L<em>a</em>b* color space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wavelength of light used in the method for color determination of whiskey?

    <p>380-750 nanometers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common method for quantifying and characterizing a light source?

    <p>Reflection spectrophotometry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of cone cells in the human eye?

    <p>Rods, green cones, and blue cones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a wet vapor?

    <p>It is at a temperature below its boiling point (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the latent heat of fusion for vaporization?

    <p>2257 kJ/kg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is freeze concentration?

    <p>The increase in concentration of solutes in unfrozen material during freezing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effective freezing time defined as?

    <p>The time required to reduce the temperature of a product from the ambient temperature to -15°C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the change in enthalpy given by?

    <p>ΔH = ΔU - pΔV + pΔV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the heat of vaporization for water?

    <p>44 kJ/mole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between enthalpy change and heat absorbed or evolved?

    <p>Enthalpy change is equal to heat absorbed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a positive enthalpy change?

    <p>Heat is absorbed and the reaction is endothermic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a negative enthalpy change?

    <p>Heat is evolved and the reaction is exothermic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the change in heat required to freeze 200kg of apples from 25°C to -20°C?

    <p>82112 kJ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents the calculation for the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a 1 kg mass by 1 degree Celsius in batch heating or cooling?

    <p>Q = MCΔT (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents the rate of heat transfer in a continuous process, where Q/t is the rate of heat transfer, m is the mass flow rate, C is the specific heat, and ΔT is the temperature change?

    <p>Q/t = mass flow rate x specific heat x temp change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific heat at constant volume (Cv) for gases and vapours?

    <p>The amount of heat required to raise unit mass by unit temperature rise under constant volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) for gases and vapours?

    <p>The amount of heat required to raise unit mass by unit temperature rise at constant pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the specific heat of a mixture be calculated?

    <p>By summing the specific heats of all components in the mixture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific heat of water-rich foods?

    <p>3700 J/kg. oC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific heat of oil-based foods?

    <p>2100 J/kg. oC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific heat of frozen foods?

    <p>2000 J/kg. oC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific heat of ice?

    <p>2110 J/kg. oC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method of mixtures used for in the determination of specific heat?

    <p>To calculate the specific heat of a mixture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the equation for the heat lost by the specimen?

    <p>mscs(Ts-Tm) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the greatest source of experimental error in heat transfer experiments?

    <p>Heat loss to surroundings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what method is recommended to reduce heat loss in calorimeter experiments?

    <p>Insulate the calorimeter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the equation for the rate of heat loss from a sample in the method of cooling?

    <p>(m1c1 + mccc)(dT/dt)1 = (m2c2 + mccc)(dT/dt)2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the purpose of using an electrical element in calorimeter experiments?

    <p>To eliminate heat loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the equation for the change in thermal energy of water in the method of mixtures?

    <p>m1c1ΔT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the purpose of a continuous flow calorimeter?

    <p>To eliminate heat loss in calorimeter experiments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the purpose of a spectrophotometer in colorimetry?

    <p>To measure the color of a sample (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the purpose of a colorimeter in colorimetry?

    <p>To measure the color of a sample (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the purpose of using color spaces in color measurement?

    <p>To define the range of colors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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