90 Questions
Which illuminant represents light from an incandescent lamp?
Illuminant A
What is the color temperature of Illuminant B?
4800 K
What do the CIE 100 standard observation curves quantify?
The average response of the human eye to red, green, and blue
Which method is NOT used for assigning colors to their appropriate locations in a color space?
Psychophysical quantification methods
Which color scale is based on opponent colors theory?
Hunter Lab color scale
What is the meaning of 'L' in the Hunter Lab color scale?
Lightness or darkness
What is the least objectionable difference in color perception?
Light differences
Which two color spaces are mathematically derived from x, y, z values?
CIE L* a* b*
What does the L in Lab color space represent?
Lightness or darkness
What are the three types of cone cells in the human eye?
Red, green, and blue
What is the purpose of the CIE x, y, z standard observer curves?
To plot human response against color wavelength
What is the most common method for quantifying and characterizing a light source?
Representing it as a function
What does the term 'chroma' refer to in the perception of color?
Vividness of color
What were the early researchers' choice of reference stimuli for defining color?
XYZ
Which of the following is NOT an attribute of color in the physical sense?
Shape
What is the better approach for defining color in food manufacturing operations?
Objective interpretation
What is the Munsell system used for?
Visual comparison of colors
Why are the results of color measurement using the Munsell system subjective?
They vary with assessors and conditions
What is the purpose of color spaces?
Standardizing color representation
What are the limitations of using color measurement as a quality control mechanism for food manufacturing operations?
Varying results with assessors and conditions
What does a change in one attribute of color result in?
A change in hue
Which method is used for colour determination of beer and worts?
Beer tintometer
What is the final colour trimming achieved by in whiskey production?
Caramel colouring
What instrument is used for colour determination of cider?
Minolta colorimeter
What is measured in the method for colour determination of whiskey?
Absorbance of a sample
Which organization developed the internationally recognized method for colour determination of whiskey?
Association of Analytical Chemist
What is the wavelength of light used in the method for colour determination of whiskey?
525 nm
Which instrument offers more flexibility in range of beverages for colour determination?
Minolta colorimeter
What parameters does the laboratory set for colour determination of cider?
Tristimulus reading
How is the colour of whiskey affected by the interaction between the distillate and the cask it matures in?
It becomes completely colourless
Which attribute of color in the physical sense is related to hue and saturation?
Chromatic
Which attribute of color in the physical sense is related to shape, distribution of light, gloss, and haze?
Geometric
What is the purpose of using color spaces?
To define color objectively
What is the main limitation of using the Munsell system for color measurement?
All of the above
What is the purpose of the CIE x, y, z standard observer curves?
To define color objectively
What is the meaning of 'chroma' in the perception of color?
Hue and saturation
What are the two attributes of color in the physical sense?
Appearance and chromatic
Which organization developed the internationally recognized method for color determination of whiskey?
Association of Analytical Chemists (AAC)
What instrument is used for color determination of cider?
Minolta colorimeter
What is the final color trimming achieved by in whiskey production?
Use of caramel coloring
What parameters does the laboratory set for color determination of cider?
Tristimulus reading
Which method is used for color determination of beer and worts?
Beer tintometer
What does a change in one attribute of color result in?
Change in chroma
What is the wavelength of light used in the method for color determination of whiskey?
525 nm
What is the better approach for defining color in food manufacturing operations?
Objective color measurement
What are the limitations of using color measurement as a quality control mechanism for food manufacturing operations?
All of the above
Which of the following illuminants represents direct sunlight?
Illuminant B
What is the purpose of the CIE tristimulus color values X, Y, and Z?
To quantify the average response of the human eye to red, green, and blue
What is the purpose of a colorimeter in colorimetry?
To measure the amount of light passing through RBG filters
Which color scale is based on the opponent colors theory?
Hunter Lab color scale
What is the purpose of a spectrophotometer in colorimetry?
To obtain spectral data of a sample
What is the purpose of the CIE standard observer curves?
To quantify the average response of the human eye to red, green, and blue
What does the term 'chroma' refer to in the perception of color?
The degree of color intensity or purity
What is the purpose of the CIE x, y, z standard observer curves?
To determine the human eye's response to color
What does the L in Lab color space represent?
Lightness or darkness
Which two color spaces are mathematically derived from x, y, z values?
Hunter Lab* and CIE Lab*
What is the better approach for defining color in food manufacturing operations?
Using the CIE Lab* color space
What is the wavelength of light used in the method for color determination of whiskey?
380-750 nanometers
What is the most common method for quantifying and characterizing a light source?
Reflection spectrophotometry
What are the three types of cone cells in the human eye?
Rods, green cones, and blue cones
Which of the following is a characteristic of a wet vapor?
It is at a temperature below its boiling point
What is the latent heat of fusion for vaporization?
2257 kJ/kg
What is freeze concentration?
The increase in concentration of solutes in unfrozen material during freezing
What is the effective freezing time defined as?
The time required to reduce the temperature of a product from the ambient temperature to -15°C
What is the change in enthalpy given by?
ΔH = ΔU - pΔV + pΔV
What is the heat of vaporization for water?
44 kJ/mole
What is the relationship between enthalpy change and heat absorbed or evolved?
Enthalpy change is equal to heat absorbed
What is the result of a positive enthalpy change?
Heat is absorbed and the reaction is endothermic
What is the result of a negative enthalpy change?
Heat is evolved and the reaction is exothermic
What is the change in heat required to freeze 200kg of apples from 25°C to -20°C?
82112 kJ
Which equation represents the calculation for the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a 1 kg mass by 1 degree Celsius in batch heating or cooling?
Q = MCΔT
Which equation represents the rate of heat transfer in a continuous process, where Q/t is the rate of heat transfer, m is the mass flow rate, C is the specific heat, and ΔT is the temperature change?
Q/t = mass flow rate x specific heat x temp change
What is the specific heat at constant volume (Cv) for gases and vapours?
The amount of heat required to raise unit mass by unit temperature rise under constant volume
What is the specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) for gases and vapours?
The amount of heat required to raise unit mass by unit temperature rise at constant pressure
How can the specific heat of a mixture be calculated?
By summing the specific heats of all components in the mixture
What is the specific heat of water-rich foods?
3700 J/kg. oC
What is the specific heat of oil-based foods?
2100 J/kg. oC
What is the specific heat of frozen foods?
2000 J/kg. oC
What is the specific heat of ice?
2110 J/kg. oC
What is the method of mixtures used for in the determination of specific heat?
To calculate the specific heat of a mixture
According to the text, what is the equation for the heat lost by the specimen?
mscs(Ts-Tm)
According to the text, what is the greatest source of experimental error in heat transfer experiments?
Heat loss to surroundings
According to the text, what method is recommended to reduce heat loss in calorimeter experiments?
Insulate the calorimeter
According to the text, what is the equation for the rate of heat loss from a sample in the method of cooling?
(m1c1 + mccc)(dT/dt)1 = (m2c2 + mccc)(dT/dt)2
According to the text, what is the purpose of using an electrical element in calorimeter experiments?
To eliminate heat loss
According to the text, what is the equation for the change in thermal energy of water in the method of mixtures?
m1c1ΔT
According to the text, what is the purpose of a continuous flow calorimeter?
To eliminate heat loss in calorimeter experiments
According to the text, what is the purpose of a spectrophotometer in colorimetry?
To measure the color of a sample
According to the text, what is the purpose of a colorimeter in colorimetry?
To measure the color of a sample
According to the text, what is the purpose of using color spaces in color measurement?
To define the range of colors
Test your knowledge of the CIE approved illuminants and their color temperatures in this quiz. Learn about the importance of standardizing the source of light for accurate visual color examinations.
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