CIE Approved Illuminants

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Which illuminant represents light from an incandescent lamp?

Illuminant A (correct)

Illuminant B

Illuminant D

Illuminant C

What is the color temperature of Illuminant B?

4800 K (correct)

300 nm

2854 K

6500 K

What do the CIE 100 standard observation curves quantify?

The energy spectra of daylight down to 300 nm

The spectrum of the source of light

The reflectance/transmission curve of an object

The average response of the human eye to red, green, and blue (correct)

Which method is NOT used for assigning colors to their appropriate locations in a color space?

Psychophysical quantification methods Signup and view all the answers

Which color scale is based on opponent colors theory?

Hunter Lab color scale Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'L' in the Hunter Lab color scale?

Lightness or darkness Signup and view all the answers

What is the least objectionable difference in color perception?

Light differences Signup and view all the answers

Which two color spaces are mathematically derived from x, y, z values?

CIE L* a* b* Signup and view all the answers

What does the L in Lab color space represent?

Lightness or darkness Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of cone cells in the human eye?

Red, green, and blue Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the CIE x, y, z standard observer curves?

To plot human response against color wavelength Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common method for quantifying and characterizing a light source?

Representing it as a function Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'chroma' refer to in the perception of color?

Vividness of color Signup and view all the answers

What were the early researchers' choice of reference stimuli for defining color?

XYZ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an attribute of color in the physical sense?

Shape Signup and view all the answers

What is the better approach for defining color in food manufacturing operations?

Objective interpretation Signup and view all the answers

What is the Munsell system used for?

Visual comparison of colors Signup and view all the answers

Why are the results of color measurement using the Munsell system subjective?

They vary with assessors and conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of color spaces?

Standardizing color representation Signup and view all the answers

What are the limitations of using color measurement as a quality control mechanism for food manufacturing operations?

Varying results with assessors and conditions Signup and view all the answers

What does a change in one attribute of color result in?

A change in hue Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used for colour determination of beer and worts?

Beer tintometer Signup and view all the answers

What is the final colour trimming achieved by in whiskey production?

Caramel colouring Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is used for colour determination of cider?

Minolta colorimeter Signup and view all the answers

What is measured in the method for colour determination of whiskey?

Absorbance of a sample Signup and view all the answers

Which organization developed the internationally recognized method for colour determination of whiskey?

Association of Analytical Chemist Signup and view all the answers

What is the wavelength of light used in the method for colour determination of whiskey?

525 nm Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument offers more flexibility in range of beverages for colour determination?

Minolta colorimeter Signup and view all the answers

What parameters does the laboratory set for colour determination of cider?

Tristimulus reading Signup and view all the answers

How is the colour of whiskey affected by the interaction between the distillate and the cask it matures in?

It becomes completely colourless Signup and view all the answers

Which attribute of color in the physical sense is related to hue and saturation?

Chromatic Signup and view all the answers

Which attribute of color in the physical sense is related to shape, distribution of light, gloss, and haze?

Geometric Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using color spaces?

To define color objectively Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of using the Munsell system for color measurement?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the CIE x, y, z standard observer curves?

To define color objectively Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'chroma' in the perception of color?

Hue and saturation Signup and view all the answers

What are the two attributes of color in the physical sense?

Appearance and chromatic Signup and view all the answers

Which organization developed the internationally recognized method for color determination of whiskey?

Association of Analytical Chemists (AAC) Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is used for color determination of cider?

Minolta colorimeter Signup and view all the answers

What is the final color trimming achieved by in whiskey production?

Use of caramel coloring Signup and view all the answers

What parameters does the laboratory set for color determination of cider?

Tristimulus reading Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used for color determination of beer and worts?

Beer tintometer Signup and view all the answers

What does a change in one attribute of color result in?

Change in chroma Signup and view all the answers

What is the wavelength of light used in the method for color determination of whiskey?

525 nm Signup and view all the answers

What is the better approach for defining color in food manufacturing operations?

Objective color measurement Signup and view all the answers

What are the limitations of using color measurement as a quality control mechanism for food manufacturing operations?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following illuminants represents direct sunlight?

Illuminant B Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the CIE tristimulus color values X, Y, and Z?

To quantify the average response of the human eye to red, green, and blue Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a colorimeter in colorimetry?

To measure the amount of light passing through RBG filters Signup and view all the answers

Which color scale is based on the opponent colors theory?

Hunter Lab color scale Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a spectrophotometer in colorimetry?

To obtain spectral data of a sample Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the CIE standard observer curves?

To quantify the average response of the human eye to red, green, and blue Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'chroma' refer to in the perception of color?

The degree of color intensity or purity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the CIE x, y, z standard observer curves?

To determine the human eye's response to color Signup and view all the answers

What does the L in Lab color space represent?

Lightness or darkness Signup and view all the answers

Which two color spaces are mathematically derived from x, y, z values?

Hunter Lab* and CIE Lab* Signup and view all the answers

What is the better approach for defining color in food manufacturing operations?

Using the CIE Lab* color space Signup and view all the answers

What is the wavelength of light used in the method for color determination of whiskey?

380-750 nanometers Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common method for quantifying and characterizing a light source?

Reflection spectrophotometry Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of cone cells in the human eye?

Rods, green cones, and blue cones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a wet vapor?

It is at a temperature below its boiling point Signup and view all the answers

What is the latent heat of fusion for vaporization?

2257 kJ/kg Signup and view all the answers

What is freeze concentration?

The increase in concentration of solutes in unfrozen material during freezing Signup and view all the answers

What is the effective freezing time defined as?

The time required to reduce the temperature of a product from the ambient temperature to -15°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the change in enthalpy given by?

ΔH = ΔU - pΔV + pΔV Signup and view all the answers

What is the heat of vaporization for water?

44 kJ/mole Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between enthalpy change and heat absorbed or evolved?

Enthalpy change is equal to heat absorbed Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a positive enthalpy change?

Heat is absorbed and the reaction is endothermic Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a negative enthalpy change?

Heat is evolved and the reaction is exothermic Signup and view all the answers

What is the change in heat required to freeze 200kg of apples from 25°C to -20°C?

82112 kJ Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents the calculation for the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a 1 kg mass by 1 degree Celsius in batch heating or cooling?

Q = MCΔT Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents the rate of heat transfer in a continuous process, where Q/t is the rate of heat transfer, m is the mass flow rate, C is the specific heat, and ΔT is the temperature change?

Q/t = mass flow rate x specific heat x temp change Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat at constant volume (Cv) for gases and vapours?

The amount of heat required to raise unit mass by unit temperature rise under constant volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) for gases and vapours?

The amount of heat required to raise unit mass by unit temperature rise at constant pressure Signup and view all the answers

How can the specific heat of a mixture be calculated?

By summing the specific heats of all components in the mixture Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of water-rich foods?

3700 J/kg. oC Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of oil-based foods?

2100 J/kg. oC Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of frozen foods?

2000 J/kg. oC Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat of ice?

2110 J/kg. oC Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of mixtures used for in the determination of specific heat?

To calculate the specific heat of a mixture Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the equation for the heat lost by the specimen?

mscs(Ts-Tm) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the greatest source of experimental error in heat transfer experiments?

Heat loss to surroundings Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what method is recommended to reduce heat loss in calorimeter experiments?

Insulate the calorimeter Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the equation for the rate of heat loss from a sample in the method of cooling?

(m1c1 + mccc)(dT/dt)1 = (m2c2 + mccc)(dT/dt)2 Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the purpose of using an electrical element in calorimeter experiments?

To eliminate heat loss Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the equation for the change in thermal energy of water in the method of mixtures?

m1c1ΔT Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the purpose of a continuous flow calorimeter?

To eliminate heat loss in calorimeter experiments Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the purpose of a spectrophotometer in colorimetry?

To measure the color of a sample Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the purpose of a colorimeter in colorimetry?

To measure the color of a sample Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the purpose of using color spaces in color measurement?

To define the range of colors Signup and view all the answers

CIE Approved Illuminants

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Questions and Answers

Which illuminant represents light from an incandescent lamp?

What is the color temperature of Illuminant B?

What do the CIE 100 standard observation curves quantify?

Which method is NOT used for assigning colors to their appropriate locations in a color space?

Which color scale is based on opponent colors theory?

What is the meaning of 'L' in the Hunter Lab color scale?

What is the least objectionable difference in color perception?

Which two color spaces are mathematically derived from x, y, z values?

What does the L in Lab color space represent?

What are the three types of cone cells in the human eye?

What is the purpose of the CIE x, y, z standard observer curves?

What is the most common method for quantifying and characterizing a light source?

What does the term 'chroma' refer to in the perception of color?

What were the early researchers' choice of reference stimuli for defining color?

Which of the following is NOT an attribute of color in the physical sense?

What is the better approach for defining color in food manufacturing operations?

What is the Munsell system used for?

Why are the results of color measurement using the Munsell system subjective?

What is the purpose of color spaces?

What are the limitations of using color measurement as a quality control mechanism for food manufacturing operations?

What does a change in one attribute of color result in?

Which method is used for colour determination of beer and worts?

What is the final colour trimming achieved by in whiskey production?

What instrument is used for colour determination of cider?

What is measured in the method for colour determination of whiskey?

Which organization developed the internationally recognized method for colour determination of whiskey?

What is the wavelength of light used in the method for colour determination of whiskey?

Which instrument offers more flexibility in range of beverages for colour determination?

What parameters does the laboratory set for colour determination of cider?

How is the colour of whiskey affected by the interaction between the distillate and the cask it matures in?

Which attribute of color in the physical sense is related to hue and saturation?

Which attribute of color in the physical sense is related to shape, distribution of light, gloss, and haze?

What is the purpose of using color spaces?

What is the main limitation of using the Munsell system for color measurement?

What is the purpose of the CIE x, y, z standard observer curves?

What is the meaning of 'chroma' in the perception of color?

What are the two attributes of color in the physical sense?

Which organization developed the internationally recognized method for color determination of whiskey?

What instrument is used for color determination of cider?

What is the final color trimming achieved by in whiskey production?

What parameters does the laboratory set for color determination of cider?

Which method is used for color determination of beer and worts?

What does a change in one attribute of color result in?

What is the wavelength of light used in the method for color determination of whiskey?

What is the better approach for defining color in food manufacturing operations?

What are the limitations of using color measurement as a quality control mechanism for food manufacturing operations?

Which of the following illuminants represents direct sunlight?

What is the purpose of the CIE tristimulus color values X, Y, and Z?

What is the purpose of a colorimeter in colorimetry?

Which color scale is based on the opponent colors theory?

What is the purpose of a spectrophotometer in colorimetry?

What is the purpose of the CIE standard observer curves?

What does the term 'chroma' refer to in the perception of color?

What is the purpose of the CIE x, y, z standard observer curves?

What does the L in Lab color space represent?

Which two color spaces are mathematically derived from x, y, z values?

What is the better approach for defining color in food manufacturing operations?

What is the wavelength of light used in the method for color determination of whiskey?

What is the most common method for quantifying and characterizing a light source?

What are the three types of cone cells in the human eye?

Which of the following is a characteristic of a wet vapor?

What is the latent heat of fusion for vaporization?

What is freeze concentration?

What is the effective freezing time defined as?

What is the change in enthalpy given by?

What is the heat of vaporization for water?

What is the relationship between enthalpy change and heat absorbed or evolved?

What is the result of a positive enthalpy change?

What is the result of a negative enthalpy change?

What is the change in heat required to freeze 200kg of apples from 25°C to -20°C?

Which equation represents the calculation for the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a 1 kg mass by 1 degree Celsius in batch heating or cooling?

Which equation represents the rate of heat transfer in a continuous process, where Q/t is the rate of heat transfer, m is the mass flow rate, C is the specific heat, and ΔT is the temperature change?

What is the specific heat at constant volume (Cv) for gases and vapours?

What is the specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) for gases and vapours?

How can the specific heat of a mixture be calculated?

What is the specific heat of water-rich foods?