Chronic Kidney Disease Overview

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

• CKD is characterized by abnormalities in kidney structure or function lasting 3 months or longer
• CKD is classified according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR)
• End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is defined as GFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m² or requiring dialysis/kidney transplantation

CKD Prognosis Factors

• Factors influencing CKD prognosis: cause of kidney disease, GFR at diagnosis, and albuminuria level

CKD Risk Factors

• Key clinical risk factors identified include diabetes and high blood pressure

CKD Pathophysiology and Symptoms

• Key component of ESRD pathophysiology is nephron loss
• Common symptoms in stages 4-5 of CKD include fatigue, weakness, and breathlessness

CKD Treatment Goals

• A major goal of CKD treatment is to delay or prevent disease progression

CKD Medications/Lifestyle Modifications

• First-line therapy for diabetic CKD often includes ACE inhibitors or ARBs
• Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are used to slow progression and reduce GFR decline.
• Target blood pressure for CKD patients is <140/90 mm Hg
• Common interventions for anemia of CKD include iron therapy
• Target hemoglobin level for CKD patients on dialysis is 11-12 g/dL
• Calcimimetics are used to manage secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD
• Phosphate-binding agents are used to manage hyperphosphatemia

Other Key Information

• CKD-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in CKD patients
• Statins are used to manage CVD risk in CKD
• KDIGO guidelines recommend against initiating statin therapy in dialysis-dependent CKD patients

This quiz delves into Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), covering its classification, prognosis factors, risk factors, pathophysiology, symptoms, and treatment goals. Understand the key aspects and medications that play a role in managing CKD effectively.