Clin Med - Chronic Kidney Disease
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease?

  • Protein intake (correct)
  • Diabetes
  • Hypertension
  • Obesity

    • What is the primary goal for glycemic control in patients with chronic kidney disease?

  • A1C less than 8%
  • A1C less than 9%
  • A1C less than 6%
  • A1C less than 7% (correct)

    • Which of the following is the preferred agent for hypertension control in patients with chronic kidney disease?

  • Beta-blockers
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Diuretics
  • ACEi and ARBs (correct)

    • What is the main reason patients with stage 4 CKD are at increased risk of anemia?

    <p>Decreased production of erythropoietin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does protein restriction affect the progression of chronic kidney disease?

    <p>Protein restriction does not prevent progression of CKD, but can reduce uremic symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the screening guideline for CKD according to the USPSTF

    <p>Patients above 50 years with risk factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a component of the KDIGO classification system for chronic kidney disease?

    <p>Cardiovascular risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) do patients generally present with manifestations of cardiovascular disease, anemia, and abnormal bone and mineral metabolism?

    <p>Stage 4 and 5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) range for Stage 3 chronic kidney disease?

    <p>30 to 59 mL/min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended lifestyle change for patients with chronic kidney disease?

    <p>Lower sodium diet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the increased risk of metabolic bone disease in patients with chronic kidney disease?

    <p>Increased phosphorus retention (hyperphosphatemia) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease is true?

    <p>A patient must have a reduced eGFR of less than 60 mL/min with one other finding for at least 3 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease is true?

    <p>Patients with CKD are more likely to die from cardiovascular disease than to reach end-stage renal disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the KDIGO guidelines, at what age should a statin medication be considered for patients with chronic kidney disease?

    <p>Age 50 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding the staging of chronic kidney disease is true?

    <p>Stage 5 CKD is defined as a GFR less than 15 mL/min (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding the treatment of hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease is true?

    <p>The goal range for systolic blood pressure is less than 140 and diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of eGFR for Stage 2 chronic kidney disease?

    <p>60 to 89 mL/min (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the KDIGO guidelines, at what age should a statin medication be considered for patients with chronic kidney disease?

    <p>50 years old (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does protein restriction affect the progression of chronic kidney disease?

    <p>It does not affect the progression of CKD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dialysis is preferred for children with end-stage renal disease?

    <p>Peritoneal dialysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of a living donor kidney transplant compared to a deceased donor transplant?

    <p>Improved patient survival rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is acute transplant rejection most common after a kidney transplant?

    <p>Between 3-6 months post-transplant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding a living kidney donor?

    <p>They must be healthy without any medical conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason patients on dialysis are at increased risk of opportunistic infections?

    <p>Weakened immune system due to dialysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary reason kidney transplant is the preferred treatment for end-stage renal disease?

    <p>Longest patient survival rate with lower mortality and morbidity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about acute transplant rejection?

    <p>It is treated with immunosuppressant drugs if caught early (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a non-tunnel catheter for in-patient care?

    <p>To administer medications and fluids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the eGFR threshold at which a patient will need dialysis for End Stage Kidney Disease?

    <p>15 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can a patient enter the transplant wait list according to the text?

    <p>eGFR less than 20 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arm access option for hemodialysis has the highest thrombosis and infection rates?

    <p>AV graft (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for an AV graft to mature for use in a patient?

    <p>2 weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adding dextrose to the dialysate in hemodialysis?

    <p>Improve removal of excess fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hemodialysis access option is temporary and used for emergency and urgent situations?

    <p>Non-tunneled catheter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplant in terms of location?

    <p>Peritoneal dialysis can take place at home; kidney transplant is performed in a hospital (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of donor kidney donation typically results in better outcomes and lower rejection rates?

    <p>Living donor kidney donations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is acute transplant rejection most commonly seen after a kidney transplant?

    <p>3-6 months post-transplant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition makes a living donor ineligible to donate a kidney?

    <p>Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) on dialysis more at risk for opportunistic infections compared to transplant patients?

    <p>Dialysis increases the risk of infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred hemodialysis access method according to the text?

    <p>Arteriovenous (AV) fistula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it typically take for an arteriovenous (AV) fistula to become accessible for hemodialysis?

    <p>3-4 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about arteriovenous (AV) grafts is true?

    <p>AV grafts can be used when a patient's veins are too small for an AV fistula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of a tunnel dialysis catheter compared to other hemodialysis access methods?

    <p>It can be used immediately after placement and long-term (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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