Chronic Inflammation: Definition, Causes & Cellular Cooperation

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What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes chronic inflammation from other types of inflammation?

The absence of growth factors

The severity of tissue injury

The prolonged duration of the inflammatory response (correct)

The presence of macrophages

Which of the following statements is TRUE about chronic inflammation?

It can begin insidiously or after an acute inflammatory response (correct)

It is never accompanied by tissue injury

It is always accompanied by tissue repair

It always begins with an acute inflammatory response

What is the primary role of macrophages in chronic inflammation?

To coordinate cellular cooperation

To phagocytose foreign substances and debris (correct)

To promote tissue repair

To produce growth factors

What is the primary function of growth factors in chronic inflammation?

To regulate the process of tissue repair (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the microscopic appearance of chronic inflammation?

The presence of a large number of macrophages (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells infiltrate the tissue in chronic cholecystitis?

Mononuclear cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which subset of CD4+ T cells produces the cytokine IFN-γ?

Th1 cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Th2 cells?

Defense against helminthic parasites (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of chronic inflammation due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Persistent infection (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of chronic inflammation in tissue?

Tissue repair by fibrosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokines are secreted by Th17 cells?

IL-17 and other cytokines (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of chronic inflammation that leads to 'hour-glass contracture' of the stomach?

Fibrosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Th1 and Th17 cell activation?

Tissue injury and chronic inflammation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of endogenous toxic agents that can cause chronic inflammation?

Cholesterol (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the formation of a chronic abscess cavity, for example, in osteomyelitis or empyema thoracis?

Organisation of an abscess (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the thickening of the wall of a hollow viscus by fibrous tissue?

Fibrosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a disease of unknown aetiology that can cause chronic inflammation?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which macrophages respond to chronic inflammation?

Extravasation of monocytes in response to chemotactic stimuli (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cytokines is NOT involved in the activation of macrophages during chronic inflammation?

IL-4 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of macrophages harboring viable organisms during chronic inflammation?

Impaired phagocytosis and cellular immunity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of macrophage is primarily found in the liver and plays a key role in chronic inflammation?

Kupffer cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary fate of circulating blood monocytes in chronic inflammation?

Maturation into tissue macrophages (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are widely distributed in connective tissues and participate in both acute and persistent inflammatory reactions?

Mast cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of eotaxin in chronic inflammation?

To prime eosinophils for chemotaxis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following growth factors is NOT involved in angiogenesis and fibrosis?

IL-6 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which macrophages contribute to tissue destruction in chronic inflammation?

Production of proteases and other enzymes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of plasma cells in chronic inflammation?

To produce antibodies against persistent antigens (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a product released by macrophages in chronic inflammation?

Eotaxin (A) Signup and view all the answers