11 Questions
What is the primary cause of inflammation in Alzheimer's disease?
Protein deposits in the brain
Which of the following diseases is characterized by gut inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease?
Crohn's disease
What is the mechanism of immune cell evasion in cancer?
Release of anti-inflammatory mediators
Which of the following is a side effect of Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDS)?
Rashes
What is the primary mechanism of action of immunosuppressants in Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Down-regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
Inflammation due to protein deposits in the brain is a characteristic of Crohn’s Disease.
False
Disease modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDS) have a fast onset of action.
False
Immunosuppressants are not cytotoxic and do not cause kidney damage.
False
Cytokine modulators are orally active and inexpensive.
False
Type I Diabetes is not associated with an inflammatory origin.
False
Rheumatoid Arthritis is characterized by the destruction of the synovial capsule and bone around the joint.
True
Study Notes
Types of Chronic Inflammation
- Alzheimer's and neurodegeneration: Inflammation due to protein deposits in the brain
- Crohn's Disease: Gut inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease
- Diabetes: Type I = beta cell destruction + inflammatory origin
- Rheumatoid arthritis: Destruction of synovial capsule and bone around the joint
- Cardiovascular disease: Atherosclerosis – risk is increased by inflammation
- Cancer: Immune cell evasion; mask from T cells through release of anti-inflammatory mediators & recruit anti-inflammatory cells
Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Causes: Infiltrating immune cells secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, increase in osteoclast activity → bone resorption and increased macrophage activity
- Disease modifying Anti Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDS):
- Slow onset - months
- Examples: Gold compounds (e.g. sodium aurothiomalate), Penicillamine, Sulfasalazine
- Side effects: Rashes, gut upsets, bone marrow suppression
- Immunosuppressants:
- Azathioprine - cytotoxic
- Methotrexate - folate antagonist - cytotoxic
- Cyclosporin - ↓ lymphocyte proliferation - kidney damage
- Cytokine modulators:
- Biologicals mainly antibodies vs eg TNFα, IL-1 or immune cell receptors
- Very expensive, specialist use, not orally active
Learn about the different types of chronic inflammation, including Alzheimer's, Crohn's disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Understand the causes and effects of inflammation on the body.
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