Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of diabetes cases is attributed to Type 1 diabetes?
What percentage of diabetes cases is attributed to Type 1 diabetes?
Which factor is NOT related to the development of Type 2 diabetes?
Which factor is NOT related to the development of Type 2 diabetes?
What is the estimated percentage of Canadians living with diabetes or prediabetes as of the latest data?
What is the estimated percentage of Canadians living with diabetes or prediabetes as of the latest data?
What happens to the body's insulin sensitivity in Type 2 diabetes?
What happens to the body's insulin sensitivity in Type 2 diabetes?
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What is a major risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes?
What is a major risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes?
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In what state are blood glucose levels classified as prediabetes?
In what state are blood glucose levels classified as prediabetes?
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Which type of diabetes is characterized by an autoimmune disorder that attacks the pancreas?
Which type of diabetes is characterized by an autoimmune disorder that attacks the pancreas?
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As of 2020, how many people in Canada are estimated to have diagnosed diabetes?
As of 2020, how many people in Canada are estimated to have diagnosed diabetes?
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What percentage of the population in Newfoundland and Labrador is estimated to live with diabetes or prediabetes by 2030?
What percentage of the population in Newfoundland and Labrador is estimated to live with diabetes or prediabetes by 2030?
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Which of the following lifestyle habits can greatly reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes?
Which of the following lifestyle habits can greatly reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes?
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What is the percentage of adults in Newfoundland and Labrador classified as heavy drinkers?
What is the percentage of adults in Newfoundland and Labrador classified as heavy drinkers?
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a modifiable risk factor in Newfoundland and Labrador?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a modifiable risk factor in Newfoundland and Labrador?
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What is the approximate annual direct health care cost of diabetes for the province of Newfoundland and Labrador?
What is the approximate annual direct health care cost of diabetes for the province of Newfoundland and Labrador?
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Study Notes
Chronic Diseases & Nutrition: Diabetes
- Diabetes is one of the top 10 killers of adults.
- In Canada, an estimated 2.4 million people had diabetes by 2016.
- Common forms of diabetes include Type 1 and Type 2.
Warning Signs of Diabetes
- Excessive urination and thirst
- Glucose in the urine
- Weight loss with nausea, easy tiring, weakness, or irritability
- Cravings for food, especially sweets
- Frequent infections of the skin, gums, vagina, or urinary tract
- Vision disturbances, blurred vision
- Pain in the legs, feet, or fingers
- Slow healing of cuts and bruises
- Itching
- Drowsiness
- Abnormally high glucose in the blood
Diabetes Types 1 and 2 Compared
| Feature | Type 1 Diabetes | Type 2 Diabetes |
|---|---|---|
| Age at onset | Childhood or midlife | Adulthood or, increasingly, childhood |
| Body cells | Responsive to insulin action | Resistant to insulin action |
| Body fatness | Generally low to average | Generally high |
| Insulin shots | Yes | Yes |
| Insulin-stimulating drugs or other drugs may be effective | No | Yes |
| Natural insulin | Pancreas makes too little or none | Pancreas may make enough or too much |
| Pancreatic function | Insulin-producing cells impaired or nonfunctional | Insulin-producing cells may be normal |
| Severity of symptoms | Relatively severe; many are apparent on diagnosis | Relatively mild; few or none may be present on diagnosis |
Type 1 Diabetes
- 5 to 10 percent of cases.
- Common age of occurrence
- Autoimmune disorder: Own immune system attacks pancreas
- Lose ability to produce insulin
- External sources of insulin: Fast-acting and long-acting forms
Type 2 Diabetes
- Predominant type of diabetes
- Lose sensitivity to insulin
- Obesity underlies many cases
- Other factors foreshadowing development: Middle age and physical inactivity, body fat accumulation, genetic inheritance
Prediabetes
- A condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a diabetes diagnosis.
- Considered a major risk factor for future diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
- Formerly called impaired glucose tolerance.
Canada-Specific Diabetes Statistics
- In Canada, 34% of the population lives with diabetes or prediabetes.
- 13% live with diagnosed diabetes.
- Prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diagnosed, type 2 undiagnosed, and prediabetes combined in 2020 - 11,232,000 people (or 29% of the population).
- 2030 estimates are 13,559,000 people (32% of the population).
- $3.8B annually in direct health care costs for provinces.
Newfoundland and Labrador-Specific Diabetes Statistics
- 34% live with diabetes or prediabetes in Newfoundland and Labrador.
- 13% live with diagnosed diabetes.
- Prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diagnosed, type 2 undiagnosed, and prediabetes combined in 2020 – 185,000 people (or 34% of the population).
- 2030 estimates are 211,000 people (38% of the population)
- $67M annually in direct health care costs for the province.
Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes
- Maintain a healthy body weight.
- Choose a diet high in vegetables, fruit, fish, poultry, and whole grains.
- Exercise regularly.
- Restrict alcohol.
- Abstain from smoking.
Risk Factors – Newfoundland
- 53.2% of adults and 52.1% of youth physically inactive.
- 36% of adults are overweight.
- 40.2% of adults are obese.
- 81.7% of adults not eating enough fruits and vegetables.
- 25% males and 15% females considered heavy drinkers.
- 18.2% of adults are current smokers.
Management of Diabetes
- Weight management (type 2 diabetes)
- Dietary management: Adequate nutrient intake, adequate fibre intake, moderate intake of added sugars, controlled intake of total carbohydrate, low in saturated fat, adequate protein intake.
- Physical activity (improves tissue sensitivity to insulin)
Resources
- Most provinces have active Diabetes Canada regional offices and provincial programs for diabetes management.
- Dietitians are excellent first-stop health professionals.
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Description
This quiz explores the critical aspects of diabetes, including its prevalence, warning signs, and comparisons between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Understand the impact of nutrition on managing this chronic condition and the vital statistics around its occurrence in Canada.
