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Questions and Answers
What is the correct number of chromosomes in a human diploid cell?
What are homologous chromosomes?
Which of the following describes a haploid cell?
Which term refers to the complete set of chromosomes in a cell?
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What do the first 22 pairs of chromosomes in humans collectively represent?
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Which chromosomes determine an individual's gender?
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What is the structure that becomes visible as chromosomes during cell division?
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Which term refers to a change in the DNA sequence?
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How many chromosomes do gametes contain?
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What is the term for the total genetic information of an individual?
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Study Notes
Chromosomes
- Nearly every body cell contains the complete genetic material.
- Red blood cells and gametes are exceptions.
- Chromatin is the genetic material.
- In resting cells, chromatin is diffuse and difficult to see.
- Chromatin becomes compact and visible as chromosomes during cell division.
- There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.
- A cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes is diploid.
- Gametes have 23 chromosomes and are haploid.
- Chromosomes belonging to the same pair are homologous.
- The complete set of chromosomes is a person's karyotype.
- The chromosomes are numbered 1 through 22.
- Chromosome pair 1 is the largest.
- The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are autosomes.
- Autosomes contain the same amount of genetic material.
- The 23rd pair of chromosomes are sex chromosomes.
- Sex chromosomes determine gender.
Figures
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Figure 17.1: Shows a karyotype of a normal human male.
- There are 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (XY).
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Figure 17.2: Shows a colored scanning electron micrograph of replicated human sex chromosomes.
- The Y chromosome is in the upper left.
- The X chromosome is in the center.
Table of Chromosomes
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Figure 17.1 (A)
- Lists autosomal chromosome pairs 1 through 22.
- Also lists the sex chromosomes, X and Y.
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Figure 17.2 (B)
- Lists autosomal chromosome pairs 1 through 22.
- Note: The sex chromosomes are not listed in Figure 17.2 (B).
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Description
This quiz covers the essential concepts of chromosomes, including their structure, function, and types. You'll learn about diploid and haploid cells, the significance of homologous chromosomes, and karyotypes. Test your knowledge of human chromosomes and their role in genetics.
