18 Questions
What are the two distinctive features found in chromosomes?
Centromeres and telomeres
What is the function of centromeres during cell division?
Bind to microtubules and transport chromosomes
How do metaphase chromosomes with centromeres appear under the microscope?
With visible primary constrictions
Where is the centromere located in a metacentric chromosome?
Near the middle of the chromosome
What is the role of telomeres in chromosomes?
Maintain chromosome length during replication
In which type of centromere is no single centromere defined and the entire chromosome acts as the centromere?
Holocentric
How can chromosomal structure influence whether genes are active or silent?
By affecting the proteins required for chromosome movement
What process requires many proteins that interact with microtubules?
Mitosis
How does polyploidy usually arise?
From changes in whole sets of chromosomes
Which aspect of cell division involves moving chromosomes towards the poles?
Anaphase
What is the main focus of karyotyping?
Describing chromosome number and structure
Which process involves a duplication of DNA without subsequent cell division?
Endoreduplication
What is a karyogram used for in genetics?
Determining an individual's karyotype
What is the term used to describe the two sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome?
Tetrad
How are autosomes different from sex chromosomes?
Autosomes have different lengths, centromere locations, and banding patterns
What characteristic feature of human chromosomes led to their naming convention?
Length differences
Why do human males have one X and one Y chromosome in their karyotype?
To determine biological sex
What do characteristic banding patterns on chromosomes help geneticists distinguish?
Chromosomal regions
Test your understanding of chromosome replication and identification in metaphase. Learn how human chromosomes are named based on their lengths and how they are conventionally arranged in a specific pattern. Explore the features of replicated chromosomes and sister chromatids.
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