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Chromosomes in Metaphase: Identifying Replicated Structures

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Chromosomes in Metaphase: Identifying Replicated Structures

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Questions and Answers

What are the two distinctive features found in chromosomes?

Centrioles and telomeres

Ribosomes and lysosomes

Centromeres and kinetochores

Centromeres and telomeres (correct)

What is the function of centromeres during cell division?

Bind to microtubules and transport chromosomes (correct)

Store genetic information for cell replication

Are involved in protein synthesis

Act as energy centers for the cell

How do metaphase chromosomes with centromeres appear under the microscope?

As single, circular entities

As elongated structures

With multiple centromeres

With visible primary constrictions (correct)

Where is the centromere located in a metacentric chromosome?

Near the middle of the chromosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of telomeres in chromosomes?

Maintain chromosome length during replication Signup and view all the answers

In which type of centromere is no single centromere defined and the entire chromosome acts as the centromere?

Holocentric Signup and view all the answers

How can chromosomal structure influence whether genes are active or silent?

By affecting the proteins required for chromosome movement Signup and view all the answers

What process requires many proteins that interact with microtubules?

Mitosis Signup and view all the answers

How does polyploidy usually arise?

From changes in whole sets of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of cell division involves moving chromosomes towards the poles?

Anaphase Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of karyotyping?

Describing chromosome number and structure Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves a duplication of DNA without subsequent cell division?

Endoreduplication Signup and view all the answers

What is a karyogram used for in genetics?

Determining an individual's karyotype Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the two sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome?

Tetrad Signup and view all the answers

How are autosomes different from sex chromosomes?

Autosomes have different lengths, centromere locations, and banding patterns Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic feature of human chromosomes led to their naming convention?

Length differences Signup and view all the answers

Why do human males have one X and one Y chromosome in their karyotype?

To determine biological sex Signup and view all the answers

What do characteristic banding patterns on chromosomes help geneticists distinguish?

Chromosomal regions Signup and view all the answers