Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes?
- Chromosomes are segments of DNA that contain multiple genes. (correct)
- Genes are made up of chromosomes, which are made up of DNA.
- DNA is packaged into genes, which then form chromosomes.
- Chromosomes are made of proteins that encode DNA sequences, which control the expression of genes.
During meiosis, what is the primary reason for the halving of the chromosome number in gametes?
During meiosis, what is the primary reason for the halving of the chromosome number in gametes?
- To prevent mutations from accumulating in successive generations.
- To ensure the zygote has the correct number of chromosomes after fertilization. (correct)
- To increase the genetic diversity of the resulting offspring.
- To provide the gametes with enough space to move effectively.
A researcher is studying a cell undergoing division. They observe that the resulting daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell. Which process is MOST likely responsible for this?
A researcher is studying a cell undergoing division. They observe that the resulting daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell. Which process is MOST likely responsible for this?
- Fertilization
- Gene mutation
- Meiosis
- Mitosis (correct)
In a certain species of bird, feather color is determined by a single gene with two alleles: 'B' for black feathers (dominant) and 'b' white feathers (recessive). If two heterozygous birds (Bb) are crossed, what is the probability of their offspring having white feathers?
In a certain species of bird, feather color is determined by a single gene with two alleles: 'B' for black feathers (dominant) and 'b' white feathers (recessive). If two heterozygous birds (Bb) are crossed, what is the probability of their offspring having white feathers?
A pedigree shows that a particular trait appears in every generation, and affected individuals always have at least one affected parent. What mode of inheritance is MOST likely responsible for this observation?
A pedigree shows that a particular trait appears in every generation, and affected individuals always have at least one affected parent. What mode of inheritance is MOST likely responsible for this observation?
Which of the following describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Which of the following describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?
In humans, hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder. If a woman who is a carrier for hemophilia (XHXh) has children with a man who does not have hemophilia (XHY), what is the probability that their son will have hemophilia?
In humans, hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder. If a woman who is a carrier for hemophilia (XHXh) has children with a man who does not have hemophilia (XHY), what is the probability that their son will have hemophilia?
A cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after meiosis II?
A cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after meiosis II?
Which of the following is an example of a chromosomal mutation?
Which of the following is an example of a chromosomal mutation?
Which of the following factors is MOST likely to increase the rate of DNA mutations?
Which of the following factors is MOST likely to increase the rate of DNA mutations?
Flashcards
Genome
Genome
The complete set of genetic material in an organism, including all of its genes and non-coding DNA.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
A complex molecule containing the genetic information to make proteins; has a double helix structure.
Chromosomes
Chromosomes
Structures within cells that contain DNA, organized into genes.
Gene
Gene
Signup and view all the flashcards
Diploid
Diploid
Signup and view all the flashcards
Haploid
Haploid
Signup and view all the flashcards
Mitosis
Mitosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Meiosis
Meiosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fertilization
Fertilization
Signup and view all the flashcards
Alleles
Alleles
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
-
Students should understand the relationships between the genome, DNA, chromosomes, and genes
-
Students should be able to represent the relationship between DNA, genes, chromosomes of an organism's genome using diagrams
-
Students should be able to draw a simple diagram of DNA showing the double helical structure and the complementary base pairing.
-
Human male body cells have 44 autosomal chromosomes and two sex chromosomes (XY)
-
Human female body cells have 44 autosomal chromosomes and two sex chromosomes (XX)
-
Gametes (sex cells) have half the chromosome number (haploid)
-
Sperm have 22 autosomal chromosomes + one sex chromosome (X OR Y)
-
Eggs have 22 autosomal chromosomes + one sex chromosome (X)
-
Haploid: having a single set of chromosomes
-
Diploid: containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
-
Mitosis: the formation of genetically identical daughter cells
-
Meiosis: the formation of gametes, gametes have half the number of chromosomes of body cells
-
Fertilisation: the formation of a zygote
-
Students should understand how (genetic) sex is inherited
-
Alleles: Different forms of a gene
-
Example: Different versions of a gene for eye color (e.g., blue vs. brown)
-
Genotype: Genetic makeup of an organism
-
Phenotype: Observable characteristics/traits of an organism
-
Dominant inheritance: Only one dominant allele is needed to express the trait
-
Recessive inheritance: Two recessive alleles are needed to express the trait
-
Students should be able to predict, using Punnett squares, the expected type and probability of genotypes and phenotypes in dominant/recessive inheritance
-
Students should be able to interpret pedigrees and make inferences about the genotype and phenotype of individuals in the pedigree
-
Sex-linked inheritance: Genes located on the X or Y chromosome
-
Students should be able to assign genotypes (e.g. XHY, xhy, xHxt, xhxh) in a pedigree involving a sex-linked gene
-
Gene mutation: an alteration to the DNA base sequence of a gene
-
Chromosomal mutation: a change to the number of chromosomes in a cell
-
Factors that contribute to increasing the rate of DNA mutations
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the relationships between genomes, DNA, chromosomes, and genes. Understand human sex chromosomes (XX and XY) and gametes. Learn about haploid and diploid cells, mitosis, and meiosis.
