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Located at the centromere is a group of proteins called ____, which is attached to the long spindle fibers during cell division.
Located at the centromere is a group of proteins called ____, which is attached to the long spindle fibers during cell division.
kinetochore
At the ends of the DNA molecule are structures referred as ____, that contain repeated nucleotides.
At the ends of the DNA molecule are structures referred as ____, that contain repeated nucleotides.
telomeres
Telomeres contain genetic information that do not translate into traits and their role is to prevent the ends of chromosomes from ______ attaching to one another.
Telomeres contain genetic information that do not translate into traits and their role is to prevent the ends of chromosomes from ______ attaching to one another.
accidentally
Each species has a specific number of ____.
Each species has a specific number of ____.
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Diploid (2n) cells have ____ sets of chromosomes.
Diploid (2n) cells have ____ sets of chromosomes.
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Sex cells like sperm and egg cells have the ____ number of chromosomes.
Sex cells like sperm and egg cells have the ____ number of chromosomes.
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During binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and then divides into two parts (cytokinesis), with each new organism receiving one copy of ______.
During binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and then divides into two parts (cytokinesis), with each new organism receiving one copy of ______.
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Chromosomes are tightly coiled DNA molecules in an organized structure called a ______.
Chromosomes are tightly coiled DNA molecules in an organized structure called a ______.
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The point where two sister chromatids are joined together is called the ______.
The point where two sister chromatids are joined together is called the ______.
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Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that prevent the loss of genetic information during ______.
Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that prevent the loss of genetic information during ______.
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Growing a plant from a stem cutting is an example of vegetative reproduction where genetic information is passed on through ______.
Growing a plant from a stem cutting is an example of vegetative reproduction where genetic information is passed on through ______.
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Prokaryotes use cell division for reproduction, while multicellular organisms use it for growth, development, and ______.
Prokaryotes use cell division for reproduction, while multicellular organisms use it for growth, development, and ______.
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Chromatin is a complex set of macromolecules that contain loose DNA, proteins, and RNA, responsible for packaging the DNA efficiently into smaller volume to fit the nucleus of a cell. Chromatin helps protect the DNA structure and sequence, prevent DNA damage, control gene expression and DNA replication, and reinforce the DNA molecule to allow mitosis and meiosis. Chromatin is achieved by the proteins called ______ where DNA wraps around.
Chromatin is a complex set of macromolecules that contain loose DNA, proteins, and RNA, responsible for packaging the DNA efficiently into smaller volume to fit the nucleus of a cell. Chromatin helps protect the DNA structure and sequence, prevent DNA damage, control gene expression and DNA replication, and reinforce the DNA molecule to allow mitosis and meiosis. Chromatin is achieved by the proteins called ______ where DNA wraps around.
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A chromosome is simply a long, continuous thread of DNA wounded together by DNA-associated proteins, referred to as ______.
A chromosome is simply a long, continuous thread of DNA wounded together by DNA-associated proteins, referred to as ______.
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Once the chromosome has been copied, the chromosome now appears to be similar to a letter X in which the left and the right halves are identical. Chromatid refers to each strand of the duplicated chromosomes. Together they are called sister ______, which are held together by ______, a region of condensed pinched chromosomes.
Once the chromosome has been copied, the chromosome now appears to be similar to a letter X in which the left and the right halves are identical. Chromatid refers to each strand of the duplicated chromosomes. Together they are called sister ______, which are held together by ______, a region of condensed pinched chromosomes.
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Each of your body cells consists of 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs. If stretched end to end, it will be about 10 feet long. Telomeres are protective caps at the end of chromosomes that prevent the ends from fraying or sticking to each other. Telomeres help maintain the integrity of the chromosome and are important for cell division. Telomeres shorten with each cell division, eventually leading to cell aging and death. Telomeres play a crucial role in chromosome stability and ______.
Each of your body cells consists of 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs. If stretched end to end, it will be about 10 feet long. Telomeres are protective caps at the end of chromosomes that prevent the ends from fraying or sticking to each other. Telomeres help maintain the integrity of the chromosome and are important for cell division. Telomeres shorten with each cell division, eventually leading to cell aging and death. Telomeres play a crucial role in chromosome stability and ______.
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As the cell progresses in cell division, chromatin further condenses, coiling more and more tightly around the proteins and eventually forming small, thick rods. Once the chromosome has been copied, the chromosome now appears to be similar to a letter X in which the left and the right halves are identical. Chromatid refers to each strand of the duplicated chromosomes. Together they are called sister ______, which are held together by ______, a region of condensed pinched chromosomes.
As the cell progresses in cell division, chromatin further condenses, coiling more and more tightly around the proteins and eventually forming small, thick rods. Once the chromosome has been copied, the chromosome now appears to be similar to a letter X in which the left and the right halves are identical. Chromatid refers to each strand of the duplicated chromosomes. Together they are called sister ______, which are held together by ______, a region of condensed pinched chromosomes.
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Before cellular division takes place, the DNA and proteins are loose like a spaghetti. These complex set of macromolecules that contain loose DNA, proteins, and RNA is called ______.
Before cellular division takes place, the DNA and proteins are loose like a spaghetti. These complex set of macromolecules that contain loose DNA, proteins, and RNA is called ______.
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Study Notes
Chromosome Structure
- A chromosome is a long, continuous thread of DNA wound together by DNA-associated proteins, referred to as histones.
- Each chromosome is approximately 10 feet long if stretched end to end.
Chromatin and Chromosome Condensation
- Chromatin is a complex set of macromolecules that contain loose DNA, proteins, and RNA.
- Chromatin is responsible for packaging DNA efficiently into a smaller volume, protecting the DNA structure and sequence, and controlling gene expression and DNA replication.
- During cell division, chromatin further condenses, coiling tightly around proteins and forming small, thick rods.
Chromosome Duplication
- Once a chromosome has been copied, it appears as a letter X with identical left and right halves.
- Each strand of the duplicated chromosome is called a chromatid, and together they are referred to as sister chromatids.
- Sister chromatids are held together by a centromere, a region of condensed, pinched chromosomes.
Centromere and Kinetochore
- Located at the centromere is a group of proteins called kinetochore, which is attached to the long spindle fibers during cell division.
Telomeres
- Telomeres are structures at the ends of the DNA molecule that contain repeated nucleotides, which do not translate into traits.
- Telomeres prevent the ends of chromosomes from accidentally attaching to one another and prevent the loss of genes.
Chromosome Types
- Autosomes are body chromosomes or non-sex chromosomes, and humans have 44 or 22 pairs.
- Sex chromosomes are XX or XY and determine the sex of the offspring, with humans having 23 pairs.
Cell Division
- Cell division is important for both unicellular and multicellular organisms.
- Prokaryotes use cell division for reproduction, while multicellular organisms use it for growth, development, and repair.
- Cell division makes it possible for organisms to reproduce even asexually.
Inheritance
- When an organism is born, it receives a complete set of DNA from its parents that carries the genetic information it has inherited.
- DNA, a double-stranded molecule, is tightly coiled in an organized structure called a chromosome.
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Description
Learn about the structure of chromosomes and DNA in the human body. Explore how DNA is wound together by histones and the transformation of chromosomes during cellular division.
