Chromosomes and DNA Structure

Located at the centromere is a group of proteins called ____, which is attached to the long spindle fibers during cell division.

At the ends of the DNA molecule are structures referred as ____, that contain repeated nucleotides.

Telomeres contain genetic information that do not translate into traits and their role is to prevent the ends of chromosomes from ______ attaching to one another.

Each species has a specific number of ____.

Diploid (2n) cells have ____ sets of chromosomes.

Sex cells like sperm and egg cells have the ____ number of chromosomes.

During binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and then divides into two parts (cytokinesis), with each new organism receiving one copy of ______.

Chromosomes are tightly coiled DNA molecules in an organized structure called a ______.

The point where two sister chromatids are joined together is called the ______.

Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that prevent the loss of genetic information during ______.

Growing a plant from a stem cutting is an example of vegetative reproduction where genetic information is passed on through ______.

Prokaryotes use cell division for reproduction, while multicellular organisms use it for growth, development, and ______.

Chromatin is a complex set of macromolecules that contain loose DNA, proteins, and RNA, responsible for packaging the DNA efficiently into smaller volume to fit the nucleus of a cell. Chromatin helps protect the DNA structure and sequence, prevent DNA damage, control gene expression and DNA replication, and reinforce the DNA molecule to allow mitosis and meiosis. Chromatin is achieved by the proteins called ______ where DNA wraps around.

A chromosome is simply a long, continuous thread of DNA wounded together by DNA-associated proteins, referred to as ______.

Once the chromosome has been copied, the chromosome now appears to be similar to a letter X in which the left and the right halves are identical. Chromatid refers to each strand of the duplicated chromosomes. Together they are called sister ______, which are held together by ______, a region of condensed pinched chromosomes.

Each of your body cells consists of 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs. If stretched end to end, it will be about 10 feet long. Telomeres are protective caps at the end of chromosomes that prevent the ends from fraying or sticking to each other. Telomeres help maintain the integrity of the chromosome and are important for cell division. Telomeres shorten with each cell division, eventually leading to cell aging and death. Telomeres play a crucial role in chromosome stability and ______.

As the cell progresses in cell division, chromatin further condenses, coiling more and more tightly around the proteins and eventually forming small, thick rods. Once the chromosome has been copied, the chromosome now appears to be similar to a letter X in which the left and the right halves are identical. Chromatid refers to each strand of the duplicated chromosomes. Together they are called sister ______, which are held together by ______, a region of condensed pinched chromosomes.

Before cellular division takes place, the DNA and proteins are loose like a spaghetti. These complex set of macromolecules that contain loose DNA, proteins, and RNA is called ______.