DNA Packaging and Chromatin Structure Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of chromatin is more highly condensed and associated with areas of the chromosomes that are not expressed?

  • Euchromatin
  • Nucleosomes
  • Heterochromatin (correct)
  • Sister chromatids

    • What is the primary genetic material in most organisms?

  • Nucleosomes
  • Double-stranded DNA (correct)
  • Histone H1
  • Heterochromatin

    • What process allows the assessment of chromosome abnormalities by identifying translocations, deletions, inversions, and duplications?

  • Histone association
  • Karyotype analysis (correct)
  • Nucleosome condensation
  • Euchromatin formation

    • Which component is NOT part of a nucleotide?

    <p>Hydrogen group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle is all the DNA highly condensed to allow separation of the sister chromatids?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous base is present in RNA but not in DNA?

    <p>Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sugar component of DNA nucleotides?

    <p>Deoxyribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hydrogen bonds are there in a G ≡ C base pair?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of RNA acts as the carrier of genetic information from DNA to the translational machinery?

    <p>Messenger RNA (mRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abundant class of RNA molecule, making up around 85% of total cellular RNA?

    <p>Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of histone H1 in the context of chromatin structure?

    <p>To help package nucleosomes into a solenoid-like structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chromatin corresponds to loosely associated nucleosomes (10-nm fibers) and is more available for gene expression?

    <p>Euchromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of banding techniques in assessing chromosome abnormalities?

    <p>To identify translocations, deletions, inversions, and duplications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does all the DNA become highly condensed to allow separation of the sister chromatids?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sugar component of RNA nucleotides?

    <p>ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

    <p>Associated with ribosomes and makes up about 85% of total cellular RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which base pair in DNA has three hydrogen bonds between them?

    <p>G ≡ C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main types of RNA molecules found in cells?

    <p>messenger RNA (mRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic structure of purines and pyrimidines?

    <p>Double-ring structure for both purines and pyrimidines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

    <p>Provides specificity for the insertion of correct amino acids into proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

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