20 Questions
What type of chromatin is more highly condensed and associated with areas of the chromosomes that are not expressed?
Heterochromatin
What is the primary genetic material in most organisms?
Double-stranded DNA
What process allows the assessment of chromosome abnormalities by identifying translocations, deletions, inversions, and duplications?
Karyotype analysis
Which component is NOT part of a nucleotide?
Hydrogen group
During which phase of the cell cycle is all the DNA highly condensed to allow separation of the sister chromatids?
Mitosis
Which nitrogenous base is present in RNA but not in DNA?
Uracil
What is the sugar component of DNA nucleotides?
Deoxyribose
How many hydrogen bonds are there in a G ≡ C base pair?
Three
What type of RNA acts as the carrier of genetic information from DNA to the translational machinery?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
What is the most abundant class of RNA molecule, making up around 85% of total cellular RNA?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
What is the primary function of histone H1 in the context of chromatin structure?
To help package nucleosomes into a solenoid-like structure
Which type of chromatin corresponds to loosely associated nucleosomes (10-nm fibers) and is more available for gene expression?
Euchromatin
What is the purpose of banding techniques in assessing chromosome abnormalities?
To identify translocations, deletions, inversions, and duplications
During which phase of the cell cycle does all the DNA become highly condensed to allow separation of the sister chromatids?
Mitosis
What is the sugar component of RNA nucleotides?
ribose
What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
Associated with ribosomes and makes up about 85% of total cellular RNA
Which base pair in DNA has three hydrogen bonds between them?
G ≡ C
What are the main types of RNA molecules found in cells?
messenger RNA (mRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
What is the characteristic structure of purines and pyrimidines?
Double-ring structure for both purines and pyrimidines
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?
Provides specificity for the insertion of correct amino acids into proteins
Test your knowledge on the packaging of DNA into chromatin and the structure of histones associated with linker DNA. Learn about the formation of the solenoid-like structure and the condensation process to form chromosomes during interphase.
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