Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Quiz

Mendelian genes have specific loci along chromosomes. Chromosomes undergo segregation and independent assortment.

The law of segregation states that chromosomes are equally separated between haploid gametes.

The inheritance of one trait is independent from the inheritance of another trait. Alleles are inherited and segregated independently.

<p>He used fruit flies, aka Drosophila melanogaster, which reproduce quickly, are inexpensive, and have only 4 chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Xw+ Xw+, Xw+ Xw, Xw Xw</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There was a higher prevalence of males with white eyes than females with white eyes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>X-Y system in mammals, Z-W system in birds, X-O system in grasshoppers, and haplo-diploid system in bees and ants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The SRY gene, or Sex Determining Region of Y, is found on the Y chromosome and codes for testes formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gene located on either sex chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The term generally means that the disease is carried on the X chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, and colorblindness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a progressive weakening of muscles and loss of coordination, caused by the absence of a muscle protein called dystrophin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An X-linked recessive disorder caused by the absence of the proteins required for blood clotting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A Barr body is an inactive X chromosome that has condensed. Females have one X chromosome that becomes inactive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It maintains the proper gene dosage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methyl groups (-CH3) attach to the nitrogenous bases of the DNA, leading to one X chromosome becoming a Barr body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Color for cats is on the X chromosome, and calico coloring results from a combination of black and orange alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linked genes are genes that are close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together. They do not sort independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The parental combination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recombinants or recombinant types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During prophase I of meiosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A student of Thomas Hunt Morgan who used assumptions from observations of crossovers to map genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A linkage map uses recombination frequencies to estimate locations of genes on a chromosome in relation to one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 map unit = 1% recombination frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate in cell division, resulting in gametes with incorrect chromosome counts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aneuploidy refers to an incorrect number of chromosomes in a fertilized zygote, resulting from nondisjunction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When a cell is missing a chromosome, resulting in a total of 1 chromosome instead of 2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When a cell has an extra chromosome, resulting in a total of 3 chromosomes instead of 2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having three or four chromosomal sets, which is more common in plants than in animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A disease caused by a third 21st chromosome (trisomy 21), causing intellectual deficits and physical changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A boy born with an extra X chromosome, symptoms may include small testicles and delayed puberty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When a woman only has one X chromosome, symptoms may include short stature and difficulty conceiving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A disease occurring when a portion of the 5th chromosome is missing, causing a cat-like cry and small size at birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mutation of chromosomes 9 and 22, causing uncontrolled blood cell growth and symptoms like fatigue and easy bleeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A male with Klinefelter syndrome, symptoms include small testes and enlarged breast tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A female with trisomy X, symptoms may include being slightly taller than average.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A female with Turner syndrome, symptoms include infertility and undeveloped sexual organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A male that may not undergo normal sexual development and is generally taller than average.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chromosomal fragment is lost.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An extra gene is added.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The order of genes is reversed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A portion of the lost fragment joins a non-homologous chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A zygote expresses only one allele of an imprinted gene depending on which parent passed the allele.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondrial DNA or extranuclear genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defects in ATP synthase proteins, mitochondrial myopathy, and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The zygote's cytoplasm comes from the egg (female).</p> Signup and view all the answers