Questions and Answers
What is meant by numerical aberration in chromosomal aberrations?
Which of the following describes trisomy?
What type of chromosomal aberration is characterized by a segment being reversed in orientation?
What happens in a structural aberration known as deletion?
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Turner syndrome is a result of which type of chromosomal aberration?
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What is the effect of aneuploidy on a cell?
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Which type of chromosomal aberration involves a portion of a chromosome being repeated?
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Translocation occurs when which of the following happens?
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What is meant by a chromosomal aberration?
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Which of the following is an example of a structural chromosomal aberration?
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What can lead to chromosomal aberrations?
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What is a terminal deletion in genetics?
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Which condition is an example of a genetic disorder caused by chromosomal deletion?
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What is the outcome of an inversion within a chromosome?
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Which of the following terms refers to a change in chromosome number?
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What type of chromosomal aberration involves a portion of a chromosome being repeated?
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Study Notes
Chromosomal Aberration
- Chromosomal aberrations involve changes in chromosome structure or number within cells.
- Two main categories of chromosomal aberrations exist: numerical aberrations and structural aberrations.
Numerical Aberrations
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Aneuploidy: Abnormal number of chromosomes due to errors during cell division.
- Trisomy: Presence of an extra chromosome, resulting in three copies (e.g., trisomy 21 leads to Down syndrome).
- Monosomy: One chromosome is missing, resulting in only one copy (e.g., Turner syndrome due to monosomy of the X chromosome).
Structural Aberrations
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Deletions: Loss of a chromosome segment, leading to a deficiency in genetic material.
- Example: Cri-du-chat syndrome results from a terminal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5.
- Duplications: A segment of a chromosome is duplicated, resulting in extra genetic material.
- Inversions: A segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end, which may disrupt gene function.
- Translocations: A segment of one chromosome attaches to a different chromosome, potentially leading to developmental disorders.
Causes and Effects
- Chromosomal aberrations can occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors such as radiation and chemicals.
- These alterations can lead to genetic disorders, developmental abnormalities, or cell death, depending on the nature of the aberration and affected genes.
Related Concepts
- Polyploidy: Involves entire sets of chromosomes being duplicated, affecting the ploidy level of the organism.
- Allopolyploids and Autopolyploids: Types of polyploids resulting from hybridization between species (allopolyploids) or non-disjunction events (autopolyploids).
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Description
Test your knowledge on chromosomal aberrations, including numerical and structural changes in chromosome composition. Explore concepts like aneuploidy, trisomy, and monosomy. Perfect for biology students or anyone interested in genetics.
