Chromosome Mutations: Rearrangements & Aneuploidy

Which of the following best describes a metacentric chromosome?

What is the primary purpose of karyotyping?

Which of the following is true regarding chromosome G bands?

Which type of chromosome mutation results in an increase in the number of copies of a particular chromosomal region?

A chromosome rearrangement occurs where a segment of a chromosome is flipped 180 degrees. What kind of rearrangement is this?

During meiosis, a duplicated chromosome segment must loop out to allow for the homologous sequences of the chromosomes to align. What effect is this an example of?

What is the outcome of unequal crossing over between misaligned homologs?

Why do chromosome duplications often result in abnormal phenotypes?

What is the most likely effect of a large deletion in a chromosome?

What is pseudodominance, and how does a chromosomal deletion cause it?

How do paracentric and pericentric inversions differ from each other?

In an individual heterozygous for a paracentric inversion, what typically results from a single crossover event within the inverted region during meiosis?

A dicentric chromosome is formed during meiosis in an individual heterozygous for a chromosomal rearrangement. Which type of rearrangement is most likely responsible for this?

What is a Robertsonian translocation?

What is the most likely result of adjacent-1 or adjacent-2 segregation?

What is the outcome of a Robertsonian translocation?

What term describes chromosomal regions that are prone to breakage?

Which cellular event can lead to aneuploidy?

Which of the following is the correct notation to show a nullisomy?

If a diploid species has 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be found in a tetrasomic individual of the same species?

A diploid organism has a chromosome number of $2n = 36$. How many chromosomes will be found in a trisomic member of this species?

What is the genetic basis of familial Down syndrome?

Which of the following statements accurately compares autosomal and sex chromosome aneuploidies in mammals?

Which of the following is generally true of autopolyploidy?

What event typically leads to autopolyploidy?

How does allopolyploidy typically arise?

Species A has $2n = 16$ chromosomes, and species B has $2n = 14$. How many chromosomes would be found in an allotriploid of these two species?

Which statement best explains why polyploidy is more common in plants than in animals?

Which of the following best describes the significance of polyploidy in plants?

If a region of a chromosome is rich with cytosine-guanine base pairs, what kind of banding pattern would this region have?

If a chromosome mutation alters just the structure of chromosomes, but not the number of chromosomes, what kind of mutation is this?

Which of these options is a type of chromosome mutation?

A type of chromosome mutation alters just the number of chromosomes, but not the structure of chromosomes. What kind of mutation is this?

A type of chromosome mutation adds one or more complete sets of chromosomes. What kind of mutation is this?

What is the term used when there is a loss of a chromosomal segment?

What is the term used to describe the chromosomal mutation where a chromosome segment moves from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome?

What outcome is expected during meiosis within individuals that are homozygous for inversions?

What typically results from a single crossover within a pericentric inversion?

A type of chromosome aberration happens when two acrocentric chromosomes fuse. What is the name of this type of aberration?

Which of the following describes a nonreciprocal translocation?

Which of the following is an example of sex-chromosome aneuploidy?

What is the expected outcome in an individual that is homozygous for an inversion during meiosis?

What is the most likely consequence of a crossover event occurring within the inverted region of a heterozygote with a pericentric inversion?

A fusion of two acrocentric chromosomes is an example of what type of chromosomal aberration?

In what kind of translocation does a chromosome segment move from one chromosome to another without reciprocal exchange?

Which situation exemplifies a sex-chromosome aneuploidy?

How do chromosome duplications commonly lead to abnormal phenotypes?

How does a chromosome deletion lead to pseudodominance?

An individual heterozygous for a paracentric inversion experiences a single crossover event within the inverted region during meiosis. Which outcome is most likely?

How does a dicentric chromosome form during meiosis in a heterozygous individual?

During meiosis, what is the probable result of adjacent-1 or adjacent-2 segregation?

What triggers aneuploidy?

In a species where $2n = 24$, what is the expected number of chromosomes in a tetrasomic individual?

In mammals, what distinguishes sex chromosome aneuploidies from autosomal aneuploidies?

How are autopolyploids typically produced?

How does allopolyploidy usually originate?

Species A has $2n = 16$ and species B has $2n = 14$. How many chromosomes would an allotriploid of these species have?

What explains the higher prevalence of polyploidy in plants compared to animals?

What is the primary significance of polyploidy in plants?

Which kind of chromosome mutation involves a change specifically affecting just chromosome numbers?

Which kind of chromosome mutation specifically duplicates one or more entire sets of chromosomes?

Which of the following leads to the loss of a chromosomal segment?

A chromosome segment moves from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome. What type of chromosome mutation is this?

Suppose developmental processes depend on the relative amounts of proteins encoded by different genes, what chromosomal mutation would most likely negatively affect the phenotypes?

What is indicated if an individual possesses the dominant wild-type allele in a heterozygous individual is absent due to a deletion on one chromosome?

What is the outcome from the production of a dicentric chromosome when a cross over occurs in an individual heterozygous for a chromosome rearrangement?

What event is expected to occur when the short arm of one acrocentric chromosome is exchanged with the long arm of another?

Chromosomal number changes can be classified into what main categories?

What notation is defined as loss of a single chromosome:

What notation is defined as gain of TWO homologous chromosomes: