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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the pump in HPLC systems?
What is the primary purpose of the pump in HPLC systems?
Which type of injector is commonly used in HPLC systems?
Which type of injector is commonly used in HPLC systems?
What is the typical flow rate range for the mobile phase in HPLC?
What is the typical flow rate range for the mobile phase in HPLC?
What is a key characteristic of the detectors used in HPLC?
What is a key characteristic of the detectors used in HPLC?
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Which particle size is predominantly used for analytical separations in HPLC columns?
Which particle size is predominantly used for analytical separations in HPLC columns?
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What is the primary purpose of chromatography?
What is the primary purpose of chromatography?
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Which phase moves through the column in chromatography?
Which phase moves through the column in chromatography?
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What is a characteristic feature of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)?
What is a characteristic feature of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)?
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Which of the following statements about the stationary phase in chromatography is false?
Which of the following statements about the stationary phase in chromatography is false?
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What is the significance of using smaller particle sizes in HPLC column packing?
What is the significance of using smaller particle sizes in HPLC column packing?
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How long does total separation typically take in HPLC compared to traditional methods?
How long does total separation typically take in HPLC compared to traditional methods?
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What is the term used for the substance that is separated during chromatography?
What is the term used for the substance that is separated during chromatography?
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Which method is NOT a type of chromatography mentioned?
Which method is NOT a type of chromatography mentioned?
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Study Notes
Chromatography
- Chromatography is a technique that separates components in a mixture based on the time each component takes to travel through a stationary phase.
- The stationary phase is immobilized and can be solid, liquid, or a combination of both.
- The mobile phase is liquid or gas and flows over or through the stationary phase.
Chromatography Terms
- The analyte is the substance being separated during chromatography.
- The immobilized phase is the stationary phase fixed onto the support particles or the column's inner wall.
- The mobile phase is the phase that moves in a specific direction – liquid/gas. It contains the sample and the solvent that moves the sample through the column.
Different Types of Chromatography
- Paper chromatography
- Liquid chromatography
- Gas Chromatography
- High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
- HPLC is a powerful tool in analytical techniques.
- Uses a tightly packed column, forcing the mobile phase through at high pressure (up to 5,000 psi).
- Uses smaller particle sizes in the column, increasing the surface area for interaction between the stationary phase and the molecules passing through, leading to better separation of components.
- Separates components based on their differing affinities for the stationary and mobile phases.
- Can be used for quantitative and qualitative analysis.
HPLC Technique
- Analytes are dissolved in a solvent and then passed through the column at high pressure (up to 400 atm).
- Mixtures are resolved into their individual components in the column.
- Separation time ranges from 5 to 10 minutes, significantly quicker than traditional methods.
HPLC Components
- Pump: Forces the mobile phase through the column at a higher velocity than gravity-flow columns. Designed to maintain a stable flow rate and minimize pulsations.
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Injector: Introduces the sample into the mobile phase stream. Two types:
- Valve Type: Uses valves that can be opened and closed, often used in HPLC.
- Syringe Type: Directly connected to the column, and the sample is delivered using a syringe.
- Column: Smooth-bore stainless steel or glass tubing containing the stationary phase. Various column sizes and packing materials are available.
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Detector: Monitors the eluate as it leaves and produces an electronic signal proportional to the concentration of each separated component.
- Detectors are crucial for trace analysis and sensitivity.
- Detectors are fast and insensitive to changes in solvent, flow rate and temperature.
- Detectors can detect substances at the nanogram (ng) or picogram (pg) levels.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of chromatography, including key terms and different types of chromatography such as paper, liquid, and gas chromatography. Test your knowledge on how components are separated and the role of stationary and mobile phases in the process.
