31 Questions
What is the function of the mitotic spindle?
Controls chromosome movement during mitosis
Where does the assembly of spindle microtubules begin?
Centrosome
What happens during prometaphase?
Spindle microtubules attach to kinetochores
What occurs in anaphase?
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends
What is the role of nonkinetochore microtubules during cell division?
Overlap and push against each other
What is cytokinesis?
Division of cytoplasm into two daughter cells
What is the major structure associated with the organization of chromatin in the nucleus?
Histones
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes coil up and condense?
Prometaphase
What is the importance of mitosis in adult organisms?
Wound healing and other forms of cell replacement
Which protein complex holds sister chromatids together during cell division?
Cohesin
What is the initial stage of the cell cycle where chromosomes are extended and uncoiled, forming chromatin?
Prophase
During which phase of mitosis do centromeres align on the metaphase plate?
Prometaphase
What is the main function of cell division in unicellular organisms?
Reproducing the entire organism
Which type of cells have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells in eukaryotes?
Gametes
What is the main characteristic of eukaryotic chromosomes during cell division?
They consist of chromatin, a complex of DNA and protein.
What is the narrow 'waist' of the duplicated chromosome where sister chromatids are closely attached?
Centromere
Which process involves the copying of genetic material to form two identical copies of chromosomes?
Replication
In eukaryotic cell division, what process involves the division of the cytoplasm?
Cytokinesis
'Interphase' in the cell cycle can be divided into different subphases. Which phase involves the copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division?
'S phase'
'Mitosis' is a key part of eukaryotic cell division. What does it specifically involve?
Division of the nucleus
'Chromatin' is a complex associated with eukaryotic chromosomes. What does this complex consist of?
'Histone and protein'
'Gametes' are reproductive cells with unique characteristics. How do they differ from somatic cells in terms of chromosome number?
'Gametes' have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells.
What is the main regulatory mechanism that monitors the size of the cell and DNA damage before entering the S phase of the cell cycle?
G1/S checkpoint
Which of the following regulatory proteins play a key role in driving the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)?
Cyclins
What is the process that halves the chromosome number and results in genetic diversity through mixing during gamete formation?
Meiosis
In a diploid organism, chromosomes exist in what kind of pairs?
Homologous pairs
Which event characterizes Meiosis I, involving the separation of chromosomes that are similar but not identical?
Separation of homologous chromosomes
What genetic condition results from the presence of an extra X chromosome in individuals' sex chromosomes?
Klinefelter's Syndrome
Which stage of the cell cycle involves the formation of a synaptonemal complex and pairing and disjunction of sister chromatids?
Prophase
What is the primary function of Meiosis in producing gametes?
Producing reproductive cells.
Which phase of meiosis is responsible for the separation of sister chromatids into individual chromosomes?
Anaphase II.
Learn about the major structure associated with the organization of chromatin in the nucleus, which consists of DNA, RNA, histones, and nonhistone proteins. Understand the importance of chromatin in asexual reproduction and zygote development.
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