18 Questions
What ion influx causes ACh release into the synaptic cleft?
Calcium
Which type of receptors are found in the skeletal muscle motor?
Nm
Which type of receptors are blocked by d-(tubocurarine)?
Nm
Where are Nn (nicotinic neuronal) receptors predominantly found?
Adrenal medulla
Which part of the body contains muscarinic receptors M3?
Bladder wall
Where are Muscarinic receptors M1 primarily located?
Stomach
How is Acetylcholine synthesized in the nerve terminal?
By combining choline and acetyl COA using choline acetyl transferase enzyme
Which enzyme is responsible for hydrolysis of Acetylcholine?
Acetyl cholinesterase
What inhibits the uptake of choline into the nerve terminal?
Hemicholinium
Which enzyme is found mainly in plasma and liver and hydrolyzes Acetylcholine?
Butyryl cholinesterase
What prevents the release of Acetylcholine and is used in blepharospasm, dystonia, and cosmetics?
Botulinum toxin
What increases the release of Ach in the gastrointestinal tract?
Metoclopramide
Which type of receptors does acetylcholine act on?
Muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
Which type of nerve endings stimulate the release of acetylcholine?
Botulinum toxin-inhibited nerve terminals
In which type of ganglia is acetylcholine not a specific neurotransmitter?
Sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings
Which neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic parasympathetic fibers and postganglionic sympathetic fibers for muscarinic cholinergic receptors?
Acetylcholine; Norepinephrine; Acetylcholine
Which statement concerning the parasympathetic nervous system is correct?
The postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division are short compared to the sympathetic system
What is the approximate half-life of acetylcholine in plasma?
8 to 10 hours
Test your knowledge about the sites of cholinergic transmission in the autonomic nervous system. Identify where acetylcholine acts as the chemical transmitter and where norepinephrine is the chemical transmitter.
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