Cholinergic and Sympathetic Nervous System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

To transmit sensory information to the brain

To regulate muscle contractions

To facilitate conscious movement

To control involuntary bodily functions (correct)

Which division carries impulses toward the central nervous system (CNS)?

Autonomic division

Afferent division (correct)

Somatic division

Efferent division

Which type of sensory fibers transmit impulses from the skeletal muscles?

Somatic sensory fibers (correct)

Efferent fibers

Visceral sensory fibers

Afferent fibers

What do visceral sensory fibers transmit impulses from?

Visceral organs of the ventral body cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which function is NOT associated with the autonomic nervous system?

Facilitating voluntary muscle movement Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers carry impulses from the body's sensory receptors to the brain?

Afferent fibers Signup and view all the answers

What primarily maintains blood pressure through partial constriction of blood vessels?

Sympathetic tone Signup and view all the answers

What is the resting heart rate maintained by parasympathetic tone?

70-80 beats/min Signup and view all the answers

In the nervous system, where do efferent fibers transmit impulses?

From the CNS to muscles Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the heart rate if the vagus nerve is cut?

It increases to 100 beats/min Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and its sensory divisions?

Sensory division carries impulses to the autonomic system Signup and view all the answers

What condition occurs due to the withdrawal of parasympathetic tone?

Increased discharge rate of the sinus node Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes dual innervation?

One organ receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation Signup and view all the answers

How do sympathetic and parasympathetic innervations usually operate in organs?

Reciprocally or synergistically Signup and view all the answers

What role do parasympathetic fibers play in the reproductive system?

Causing vasodilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a loss of autonomic tone?

BP could rapidly drop Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Sympathetic Nervous System?

Fight or flight response Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the autonomic nervous system is associated with the cranial and sacral nerves?

Parasympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What are the receptors that receive acetylcholine called?

Cholinergic receptors Signup and view all the answers

What type of outflow is associated with T1 to L2 vertebral levels?

Thoraco-lumbar outflow Signup and view all the answers

Which nervous system primarily promotes the rest and digest functions in the body?

Parasympathetic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptors are involved in receiving the neurotransmitter acetylcholine?

Cholinergic receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the autonomic nervous system?

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for arousal and threat responses. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the main distinction between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Sympathetic prepares the body for immediate action, while parasympathetic conserves energy. Signup and view all the answers

What primary role does the autonomic nervous system (ANS) serve?

Controls and modulates functions of visceral organs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is NOT directly regulated by the autonomic nervous system?

Skeletal muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the time frame for the autonomic nervous system to approximately double arterial blood pressure?

10-15 seconds Signup and view all the answers

Where are the major control centers for the autonomic nervous system located?

Brain stem, spinal cord, and limbic system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is one of the functions regulated by the autonomic nervous system?

Bladder emptying Signup and view all the answers

How does the autonomic nervous system primarily affect visceral organs?

By initiating rapid responses for intense bodily functions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systems does the autonomic nervous system NOT primarily regulate?

Skeletal muscular system Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of the responses regulated by the autonomic nervous system?

They can be both rapid and extensive Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptors are nicotinic receptors classified as?

Cholinergic Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is NOT associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

Muscarinic receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

Norepinephrine (NE) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Localized responses Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors cause vasodilation?

Beta-2 receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the only exception to the cholinergic receptors in the sympathetic system?

Sweat glands Signup and view all the answers

In what manner does the sympathetic nervous system typically function?

By initiating the fight or flight response Signup and view all the answers

Which pathways suggest autonomic tone involves some contraction?

Cardiac and smooth muscle tone Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is known for having widespread influence throughout the body?

Vagus nerve (X) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on blood vessels?

Vasoconstriction through alpha receptors Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cholinergic Receptors

There are two types of cholinergic receptors
Nicotinic receptors
Muscarinic receptors
- Nicotinic receptors have five categories
- Muscarinic receptors have five categories:
  - M1: glands
  - M2: heart
  - M3: eyes: rotate
  - M4: CNS
  - M5: CNS

Sympathetic Nervous System

Sympathetic nervous system is also known as the "fight or flight" system
Uses norepinephrine (NE) as a chemical messenger
- Beta 1: heart
- Alpha: Causes vasoconstriction by contracting muscles around blood vessels
- Betaz: causes vasodilation

Autonomic Efferent Pathways

Sympathetic - Thoraco-lumbar outflow (T1-L2)
- Uses acetylcholine (ACh) as a chemical messenger
Parasympathetic - Cranio-sacral outflow
- Uses acetylcholine (ACh) as a chemical messenger
- Cranial nerves and sacral nerves
- Vagus nerve (CN X) goes everywhere

Autonomic Efferent Pathways Continued

Parasympathetic uses ACh, Sympathetic uses ACh and NE.

General Characteristics of the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Nervous Systems

Parasympathetic has widespread effects
Sympathetic usually has localized responses

General Concepts for Autonomic Function - Autonomic Tone

Autonomic motor neurons have a resting level of spontaneous activity, even when there are no stimuli. This is called autonomic tone.
Autonomic tone can increase or decrease the activity of an autonomic nerve, allowing for better control.

Sympathetic tone

Keeps most blood vessels partially constricted (50% in arterioles)
Maintains blood pressure

Parasympathetic tone

Keeps the heart rate between 70-80 beats per minute
Provides background GI activity
If the Vagus nerve was cut, the heart rate would be 100 beats per minute

General Concepts for Autonomic Function - Dual Innervation

Most organs have both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
These innervations operate reciprocally or synergistically to produce coordinated responses.

General Structure of the Nervous System

The sensory division carries impulses toward the CNS from the body's sensory receptors.
- Somatic sensory fibers transmit impulses from the joints, skeletal muscles, and skin.
- Visceral sensory fibers transmit impulses from the visceral organs of the ventral body cavity.
The motor division carries impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles and glands).
- Somatic nervous system governs voluntary contractions of skeletal muscles.
- Autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system is an involuntary system that controls and modulates functions of visceral organs.
Axons travel to the periphery and synapse on ganglia.
Controls:
- Arterial pressure
- Bladder emptying
- Sweating
- Body temperature
- Cardiovascular and respiratory systems
- GI,
- Exocrine and some endocrine glands
Response is rapid:
- 3-5 seconds to increase heart rate
- 10-15 seconds to double arterial blood pressure
Controlled by centers in the:
- Spinal cord
- Brainstem
- Hypothalamus
- Limbic system
- Frontal lobes
All of these centers are concerned with arousal and behavioral responses to threat.

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems

Sympathetic - rest and digest
- Thoraco-lumbar outflow (T1-L2)
- Uses acetylcholine (ACh) as a chemical messenger.
- Receptors receiving acetylcholine are called cholinergic receptors.
Parasympathetic - fight or flight (skull and sacrum)
- Cranio-sacral Outflow
- Uses acetylcholine (ACh) as a chemical messenger.
- Cranial nerves and sacral nerves.
- Vagus nerve (CN X) goes everywhere.

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Description

Test your understanding of cholinergic receptors and the sympathetic nervous system. This quiz covers the types of cholinergic receptors, their categories, and the autonomic efferent pathways. Dive deep into the mechanisms of the 'fight or flight' response and their neurotransmitters.