Autonomic Nervous System Summary
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary medical use of atropine?

  • Management of bradycardia (correct)
  • Treatment of glaucoma
  • Relief of bronchoconstriction
  • Treating hypertension
  • Which of the following is a characteristic of cholinergic antagonists?

  • They block muscarinic or nicotinic receptors (correct)
  • They increase gastrointestinal motility
  • They enhance secretion of saliva
  • They cause miosis
  • Which beta-blocker is classified as a third-generation agent?

  • Propranolol
  • Pindolol
  • Carvedilol (correct)
  • Metoprolol
  • What are the effects of phenylephrine primarily related to?

    <p>Nasal congestion relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is dopamine commonly used to treat?

    <p>Hypovolemic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant adverse effect of scopolamine?

    <p>Sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adrenergic receptor is primarily involved in inhibiting norepinephrine release?

    <p>Alpha-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is an irreversible inhibitor?

    <p>Sarin gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is characterized by short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers?

    <p>Sympathetic System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of muscarinic receptors M2?

    <p>Heart rate reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is primarily used for the treatment of atonic bladder?

    <p>Bethanechol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding indirect-acting cholinergic agonists?

    <p>They increase acetylcholine levels by inhibiting its breakdown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cholinergic agonist is specifically resistant to acetylcholinesterase and used for glaucoma?

    <p>Carbachol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is commonly associated with the use of pilocarpine?

    <p>Night blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of sympathetic postganglionic fibers in sweat glands?

    <p>Cholinergic transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic use of neostigmine?

    <p>For myasthenia gravis treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is primarily responsible for treating hypertension in pregnancy?

    <p>Labetalol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adrenergic receptor subtype is predominantly responsible for increasing heart rate?

    <p>Beta-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect associated with beta-blocker discontinuation?

    <p>Severe hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adrenergic agonist is primarily used for its beta-1 receptor-selective action in cardiac therapies?

    <p>Dobutamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is indicated for reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma?

    <p>Timolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main therapeutic use of beta-3 agonists such as mirabegron?

    <p>Detrusor muscle relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor is used for treating glaucoma?

    <p>Echothiophate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adrenergic antagonist blocks both alpha and beta receptors?

    <p>Labetalol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is primarily found in the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Nicotinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic role do acetylcholinesterase inhibitors play in the body?

    <p>Prevent the degradation of acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is classified as a cholinergic antagonist?

    <p>Scopolamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adrenergic response is primarily mediated by Beta-1 receptors?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for pilocarpine in treating glaucoma?

    <p>Facilitation of aqueous humor outflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of M3 muscarinic receptors?

    <p>Promote heart rate increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is likely to cause erectile dysfunction as a side effect?

    <p>Beta blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of phenylephrine as a nasal decongestant?

    <p>Alpha-1 receptor agonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is effective in treating overactive bladder?

    <p>Oxybutynin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect associated with beta-2 blockers?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adrenergic receptor subtype is responsible for increasing renin secretion?

    <p>Alpha-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cholinergic agonist is known for its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier?

    <p>Pilocarpine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential adverse effect arises from irreversible AchE inhibitors like sarin gas?

    <p>Cholinergic crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which beta blocker is commonly utilized in the treatment of glaucoma?

    <p>Timolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is primarily prescribed for reversing the effects of atropine toxicity?

    <p>Physostigmine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adrenergic receptor subtype is primarily associated with causing vasoconstriction?

    <p>Alpha-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adrenergic antagonist is primarily indicated for treating pheochromocytoma?

    <p>Phenoxybenzamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of alpha-2 agonists in the body?

    <p>Inhibit central sympathetic outflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which beta blocker is known for having intrinsic sympathomimetic activity?

    <p>Pindolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which beta blocker is contraindicated in patients with asthma?

    <p>Propranolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is the drug of choice for hypertension in pregnancy?

    <p>Methyldopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may occur if beta blockers are abruptly discontinued?

    <p>Receptor upregulation occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is primarily used for long-term management of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Pyridostigmine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscarinic receptor subtype is located in the parietal cells of the stomach?

    <p>M1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Summary

    • The ANS controls involuntary functions
    • Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
    • Sympathetic system originates in the thoracolumbar region, with short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers. It often causes a generalized response.
    • Parasympathetic system originates in the craniosacral region, with long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers. It typically causes localized responses.
    • Adrenal medulla functions as a ganglion in the sympathetic system
    • Postganglionic sympathetic fibers in sweat glands are cholinergic
    • Nicotinic receptors are in neuromuscular junctions, CNS, and autonomic ganglia (including adrenal medulla)
    • Muscarinic receptors come in subtypes (M1-M5), with diverse locations (e.g., GI tract, heart, bladder)
    • Cholinergic agonists include direct-acting agonists like acetylcholine, which has limited therapeutic use due to rapid degradation
    • Indirect acting cholinergic agonists are AchE inhibitors, impacting both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
    • Cholinergic antagonists block muscarinic or nicotinic receptors; atropine is a notable example
    • Adrenergic agonists, such as catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine), and non-catecholamines, like phenylephrine and ephedrine, affect the body through various receptor types.
    • Adrenergic antagonists block receptors throughout the body, impacting numerous processes affecting organs and tissues.
    • Alpha blockers lessen blood pressure
    • Anti-muscarinic agents act on muscarinic receptors
    • Selective versus non-selective medications are critical for specific effects

    Neurotransmitter Receptors

    • Acetylcholine (Ach) is crucial in both parasympathetic and sympathetic pathways
    • Muscarinic & Nicotinic receptors are both important in parasympathetic and sympathetic, but located in different structures
    • Different receptors for adrenaline (norepinephrine) have various effects throughout the body.

    Drugs and Their Uses

    • Specific drugs are used for treating diverse conditions and disorders.
    • Drugs can have varying locations of action (peripheral vs CNS)
    • Cholinergic agonists and antagonists have specific targets in the autonomic system

    Diagnostic Questions and Answers

    • Questions regarding the autonomic nervous system's structure and function, drug classifications, and specific physiological effects in relation to the autonomic nervous system.
    • These questions cover topics such as location of receptors and their activities.

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    Description

    This quiz provides an overview of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), highlighting its critical functions and subdivisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. It outlines their structures, roles in the body, receptor subtypes, and the importance of cholinergic agonists. Test your knowledge on this essential aspect of physiology!

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