Autonomic Nervous System Summary

<p>Nasal congestion relief (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypovolemic shock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sedation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha-2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sarin gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sympathetic System (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart rate reduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bethanechol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase acetylcholine levels by inhibiting its breakdown. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbachol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Night blindness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholinergic transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For myasthenia gravis treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Labetalol (C), Methyldopa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta-1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dobutamine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Timolol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detrusor muscle relaxation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Echothiophate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Labetalol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nicotinic receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevent the degradation of acetylcholine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scopolamine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased heart rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitation of aqueous humor outflow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promote heart rate increase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta blockers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha-1 receptor agonism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxybutynin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoglycemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha-2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pilocarpine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholinergic crisis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Timolol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physostigmine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha-1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenoxybenzamine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibit central sympathetic outflow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pindolol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Propranolol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methyldopa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receptor upregulation occurs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyridostigmine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>M1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Part of the nervous system responsible for involuntary body functions.

Branch of the ANS responsible for "fight or flight" responses. Increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and prepares the body for action.

Branch of the ANS responsible for "rest and digest" responses. Slows heart rate, constricts pupils, and promotes relaxation.

Receptors that bind to acetylcholine, the main neurotransmitter in the ANS.

Type of cholinergic receptor found at the neuromuscular junction, in ganglia, and the adrenal medulla.

Type of cholinergic receptor found in the GI tract, heart, bladder, and other organs, involved in various functions.

Drugs that directly activate cholinergic receptors, mimicking the effects of acetylcholine.

Drugs that indirectly enhance acetylcholine activity by preventing its breakdown.

The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary actions like heart rate, digestion, and breathing.

Drugs that prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine, increasing its levels at the synapse. Used for treating Myasthenia Gravis.

These agents block muscarinic or nicotinic receptors, reducing the effects of acetylcholine. They are often called parasympatholytics.

A potent cholinergic antagonist that primarily affects muscarinic receptors. Used for bradycardia, cholinergic crisis, and ophthalmic exams. Can cause dry mouth, tachycardia, confusion, and hyperthermia.

A subtype of muscarinic receptors that are involved in slowing the heart rate (bradycardia).

A class of drugs that mimic or enhance the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine by activating adrenergic receptors.

A subtype of muscarinic receptors that are involved in bladder contraction.

A cholinergic agonist used to treat glaucoma by constricting the pupil.

Drugs that selectively block alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. Used for hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Can cause tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension.

Drugs that block beta adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate, blood pressure, and bronchodilation. Used for hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias.

A cholinergic agonist used to treat atonic bladder (weak bladder) by increasing bladder muscle contraction.

A cholinergic antagonist used for motion sickness. It blocks acetylcholine receptors in the brain, reducing nausea and vomiting.

A class of drugs that inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, increasing acetylcholine levels in the brain. Used for treating Alzheimer's disease.

A cholinergic antagonist used as a bronchodilator in patients with COPD. It blocks muscarinic receptors in the airways, relaxing smooth muscles and improving airflow.

These drugs act on specific subtypes of adrenergic receptors, resulting in varied effects on the body's systems.

A cholinergic antagonist that is used to treat overactive bladder by blocking the action of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors in the bladder.

A beta blocker used to treat glaucoma by reducing the production of aqueous humor.

An adrenergic receptor subtype located on the heart that increases renin secretion, leading to an increase in blood pressure.

An irreversible acetylcholine esterase inhibitor that is a nerve agent and has a major adverse effect of cholinergic crisis.

An acetylcholine esterase inhibitor used to diagnose myasthenia gravis due to its short duration of action.

A drug class that primarily blocks the effects of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine and epinephrine at adrenergic receptors.

A type of adrenergic receptor primarily responsible for vasoconstriction, also found in smooth muscles of the bladder and other organs.

A type of adrenergic receptor that inhibits the release of norepinephrine, regulating sympathetic nervous system activity.

A neurotransmitter in the sympathetic nervous system that plays a role in "fight-or-flight" responses, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness.

Dopamine is an adrenergic agonist that acts on D1 receptors at low doses. It's used to treat conditions like low blood pressure and heart failure.

Dobutamine, a beta-1 agonist, is primarily used to treat acute heart failure by increasing contractility and improving blood flow.

Albuterol is a selective beta-2 agonist, meaning it primarily acts on beta-2 receptors in the lungs, leading to bronchodilation. It's used to treat conditions like asthma and COPD.

Propranolol is a non-selective beta blocker, meaning it blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It treats hypertension, angina, and other conditions.

Carvedilol is a non-selective beta blocker with additional alpha-1 blocking effects. It's used to treat hypertension, heart failure, and other cardiovascular conditions.

Phenoxybenzamine is an alpha-1 antagonist used to treat pheochromocytoma, a tumor that releases epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Beta blockers, especially non-selective ones like propranolol, are generally contraindicated in asthma because they can worsen bronchospasm by blocking beta-2 receptors.

Abruptly stopping beta blockers can lead to receptor upregulation, meaning the body produces more receptors. This can cause undesirable side effects like rebound hypertension.