Cholera Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the mode of action of cholera toxin?

Disruption of cell membrane

Inhibition of protein synthesis

ADP ribosylation (correct)

Activation of immune response

Which bacterium produces Diptheria toxin?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae (correct)

E. coli

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio cholerae

What distinguishes Vibrios from enteric bacteria?

Oxidase positivity only

Oxidase positivity & Motility by polar flagellum (correct)

Respiratory and fermentative metabolism

Gram staining

Which genus does the bacteria which causes Cholera belong to?

Vibrio Signup and view all the answers

What type of metabolism are vibrios capable of?

Both respiratory and fermentative Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium is the agent of cholera?

Vibrio cholerae Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to humans?

Produces diarrhea similar to Vibrio cholerae Signup and view all the answers

What did Alfred Rethel have to do with cholera?

First outbreak of cholera in Paris Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Vibrios from enterics in terms of motility?

Polar Flagella (singular) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which cholera toxin causes diarrhea?

Ribosylation to overactivate adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cAMP levels and activation of ion transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lytic phages in the transformation of harmless Vibrio cholerae into a lethal strain?

Insertion of genetic material into the bacteria, potentially including the gene for cholera toxin Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for cholera?

A mixture of sugar and certain salts mixed with clean water and drunk in large amounts Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the B subunit of cholera toxin?

Binds to GM1 receptors on enterocytes, triggering endocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of ADP-ribosylation of the Gαs subunit by cholera toxin?

Loss of catalytic activity in hydrolyzing GTP to GDP + Pi, leading to prolonged activation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of diphtheria toxin in pathogenesis?

Ribosylates elongation factor 2, leading to inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for all travelers to areas where cholera has occurred?

Observe the recommendations to drink only boiled or treated water and eat thoroughly cooked foods Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of activation of adenylyl cyclase by cholera toxin?

Increased cAMP levels and activation of ion transport Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium primarily affects the colon?

Vibrio parahaemolyticus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of cholera transmission?

Contaminated water and food Signup and view all the answers

Where is Vibrio cholerae commonly found?

Aquatic environments including brackish water and estuaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the crucial characteristic of pathogenic V. cholerae for colonization?

Toxin production Signup and view all the answers

Which individual is known as the father of modern epidemiology due to his work on the 1854 cholera outbreak in Soho, England?

John Snow Signup and view all the answers

What does the cholera toxin, CTX, activate within the cells?

Adenylate cyclase Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes V. cholerae strains into 139 known serotypes?

O antigens Signup and view all the answers

What does the bacterium produce during colonization that degrades gangliosides to the specific receptor for the toxin?

Invasin, neuraminidase Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Understanding Cholera: Key Facts and Insights

Vibrio parahaemolyticus primarily affects the colon; Vibrio cholerae is noninvasive, affecting the small intestine through an enterotoxin.
Cholera transmission occurs through contaminated water and food.
Vibrio cholerae is found in aquatic environments, including brackish water, estuaries, and is associated with algal blooms influenced by water temperature.
Human beings serve as a reservoir for the pathogenic form of Vibrio cholerae.
Cholera symptoms include rapid dehydration, hypotension, shock, and potentially fatal outcomes.
Cholera has been endemic in the Indian subcontinent for centuries, with the current seventh pandemic of V. cholerae O1, biotype El Tor beginning in 1961 in Indonesia.
A new serogroup of V. cholerae, O139, caused epidemic cholera in 1992, previously unrecognized.
The flagellar antigens of V. cholerae are shared with many water vibrios, while O antigens distinguish strains into 139 known serotypes.
John Snow is known as the father of modern epidemiology due to his work on the 1854 cholera outbreak in Soho, England.
Pathogenic V. cholerae characteristics crucial for colonization include adhesins, neuraminidase, motility, chemotaxis, and toxin production.
Cholera toxin, CTX, activates adenylate cyclase, leading to increased intracellular cAMP levels, promoting massive secretion of H2O, Na+, K+, Cl-, and HCO3- into the small intestine.
The bacterium produces an invasin, neuraminidase, during colonization, degrading gangliosides to the specific receptor for the toxin, resulting in the abnormal production of cAMP.

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Description

Test your knowledge of cholera with this insightful quiz covering key facts about Vibrio cholerae, transmission, symptoms, historical pandemics, and pathogenic characteristics. From John Snow's work to the role of cholera toxin, this quiz will deepen your understanding of this infectious disease.

Cholera Quiz (Lec 21)

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