CHM031: Air Pollutants Analysis
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Questions and Answers

What does AQI stand for?

Air Quality Index

What are the five main pollutants that are included in the AQI?

  • Particulate matter, ground level ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, lead
  • Ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, lead
  • Particulate matter, ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides
  • Particulate matter, ground level ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide (correct)

What are the units for AQI?

µg/m³

What is the AQI range for hazardous air quality?

<p>301 to 500 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flue gas is typically referred to as the carbon dioxide exhaust gas produced from power plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of flue gas?

<p>Nitrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three areas that flue gas analysis is used for?

<p>Safety, energy saving, pollution control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ambient air quality refers to the quality of indoor air.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of air monitoring?

<p>Permanent and temporary monitoring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five main pollutants included in the Air Quality Index (AQI)?

<p>Particulate matter, Ground level ozone, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of an AQI value of 151 to 200?

<p>Everyone may begin to experience health effects; members of sensitive groups may experience more serious health effects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Flue gas refer to?

<p>The combustion exhaust gas produced in power plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these pollutants are typically expressed in ppm (parts per million) in flue gas analysis?

<p>Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and Carbon monoxide (CO) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a benefit of combustion analysis?

<p>Maximizing the production of pollutants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ambient air quality refers to the quality of the air inside buildings.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two examples of temporary mobile air monitoring methods?

<p>Mobile Air Monitoring Laboratory (MAML) and Portable Air Monitoring (PAM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is typically used for measuring VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) during temporary air monitoring ?

<p>Canister (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Air Quality Index (AQI)

An index that measures air pollution levels in a city or location. It considers five main pollutants.

Pollutants in AQI

Particulate matter, ground-level ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide.

Flue Gas

Exhaust gas emitted from a fireplace, furnace, boiler, or other similar equipment.

Flue Gas Analysis

Analyzing the gases in flue gas to measure efficiency and emissions.

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Combustion Analysis

Part of flue gas analysis to improve fuel efficiency and safety, along with pollution control.

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Ambient Air Quality

The quality of outdoor air in the surrounding environment.

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Air Monitoring

Measuring and quantifying substances in air.

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Permanent Monitoring

Continuous or passive air monitoring, often costly.

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Temporary Monitoring

Portable and often cheaper air monitoring methods.

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Particulate Matter

Very small particles suspended in the air.

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Ground-level Ozone

A harmful gas formed by chemical reactions in the air.

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Sulfur Dioxide

A gas produced by burning fossil fuels.

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Carbon Monoxide

A colorless, odorless, and toxic gas.

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Nitrogen Dioxide

A reddish-brown gas, often found in polluted air.

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Orsat Apparatus

A device used for flue gas analysis.

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Mobile Air Monitoring Laboratory (MAML)

A portable laboratory for air quality monitoring

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Portable Air Monitoring (PAM)

Handheld devices for measuring/monitoring air quality

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PM2.5 / PM10

Types of particulate matter.

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VOCs

Volatile Organic Compounds

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ppm

Parts per million, a unit for measuring gas concentrations

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%

Percentage, a unit for measuring gas concentrations

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Particulate Matter (PM)

Tiny particles suspended in the air, such as dust, smoke, and soot.

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Ground-level Ozone (O3)

A harmful gas formed by chemical reactions in the air, especially on hot, sunny days.

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Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

A gas produced by burning fossil fuels, especially coal.

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Carbon Monoxide (CO)

A colorless, odorless, and toxic gas produced by incomplete burning of fuels.

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Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

A reddish-brown gas often found in polluted air, emitted from vehicles and industrial processes.

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Handheld Flue Gas Analyzer

A portable device for measuring gases in flue gas.

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Permanent Air Monitoring

Continuous or passive monitoring of air quality in a fixed location.

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Temporary Air Monitoring

Using portable equipment to take air quality measurements in specific locations.

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Canister Sampling

Collecting air samples in sealed canisters for later analysis.

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E-BAM (Electronic Balloon-borne Air Monitor)

A balloon-mounted air quality monitor for measuring particulate matter.

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Air Quality Monitoring Methods

The different approaches used to measure and analyze pollutants in the air.

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Safety in Combustion

Analyzing flue gas to ensure safe operating conditions for combustion equipment.

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Energy Saving in Combustion

Analyzing flue gas to identify ways to improve fuel efficiency.

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Pollution Control in Combustion

Analyzing flue gas to identify and reduce pollutants released during combustion.

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ppm (Parts per Million)

A unit used to express the concentration of a gas in a mixture.

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Percentage (%)

A unit used to express the concentration of a gas in a mixture.

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NOx (Nitrogen Oxides)

A group of gases produced during combustion processes.

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CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)

A greenhouse gas produced during combustion.

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H2O (Water Vapor)

The gaseous form of water released during combustion.

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VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds)

Carbon-containing compounds that easily evaporate into the air.

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PM2.5

Particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 micrometers, small enough to penetrate deep into the lungs.

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Study Notes

Air Pollutants Analysis

  • Air pollutants analysis is a key topic in CHM031: Chemistry for Engineers.
  • The aim is to understand methods of analyzing different air pollutants.

Learning Objectives

  • Understand and explain various methods for analyzing air pollutants.

Analyzing Air Pollutants

  • Key methods include Air Quality Index (AQI), Flue Gas Analysis, and Ambient Air Monitoring.

Air Quality Index (AQI)

  • AQI measures the level of pollution in a city.
  • It's determined by calculating the concentration of five major pollutants.
  • These pollutants are particulate matter, ground-level ozone (O₃), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂).
  • AQI values range from 0 to 500, each range correlating to a level of health concern.

AQI – µg/m³

  • Different numerical values for AQI corresponded to different health concerns and descriptions of the current air quality (good, moderate, unhealthy for sensitive groups, unhealthy, very unhealthy, hazardous).

  • Data from Manila Observatory (2002–2012), EDSA (2009), and New Year (2003–2013) show varied AQI levels, indicating different pollution levels in Metro Manila over time.

  • These levels range from good to hazardous, highlighting the importance of monitoring these levels for public health.

  • The amount of time spent at each category is shown for each period(2002-2012), EDSA(2009), and NY(2003-2013) monitoring.

Pollution Index

  • Global pollution index data, represented by different color-coded maps and values.
  • This presents trends in various countries.

Flue Gas Analysis

  • Flue gas refers to gases emitted from combustion processes in power plants, fireplaces, furnaces, boilers, etc.
  • Primarily composed of nitrogen, carbon dioxide (CO₂), water vapor (H₂O), and oxygen.
  • It also contains smaller amounts of other harmful pollutants such as particulate matter, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur oxides (SOx).
  • Used to determine efficiency and emissions of combustion processes.
  • Measurement values are provided in parts per million (ppm) or percentages, depending on context (e.g., O₂ and CO₂ often in percentage and NOx and CO usually in ppm).
  • Different methods, including Orsat apparatus (older method) and modern devices like the A550 Merk Wohle, are available for measuring flue gas pollutants.

Combustion Analysis

  • Flue gas analysis is integral to understanding combustion processes.
  • Analysis serves the purposes of improving safety by ensuring equipment is safe.
  • It also promotes energy saving.
  • Finally, it guides pollution control to reduce undesirable emissions.

Ambient Air Quality

  • Refers to the quality of air in the surrounding environment outside of specific facilities.
  • Quantified by measuring concentrations of identified substances through monitoring.
  • Typically measured near ground level, away from direct pollution sources.

Permanent Air Monitoring

  • Continuous: near-instantaneous measurements, costly, require power and roads access.
  • Passive: long-term measurements (monthly), portable, cost-effective.

Temporary Air Monitoring

  • Cheaper and portable than permanent methods.
  • Mobile Air Monitoring Laboratory (MAML), portable monitoring devices (PAM), canisters for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and E-BAM (electronically-based ambient monitoring systems) for PM.

Equipment Shown

  • Diagrams and photos of different monitoring devices (e.g., continuous air monitoring systems, passive air monitoring systems, mobile air monitoring labs, Air Quality Monitors, canisters).

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Air Pollutants Analysis PDF

Description

This quiz covers the analysis of air pollutants as part of CHM031: Chemistry for Engineers. Participants will explore key methods such as the Air Quality Index (AQI), Flue Gas Analysis, and Ambient Air Monitoring. Understand various pollutants and their health impacts for a comprehensive insight into air quality management.

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