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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of chloroplasts?
What is the primary function of chloroplasts?
- Storing energy in the form of ATP and NADPH
- Producing oxygen from water
- Synthesizing fatty acids
- Conducting photosynthesis (correct)
Which photosynthetic pigment captures the energy from sunlight in chloroplasts?
Which photosynthetic pigment captures the energy from sunlight in chloroplasts?
- Carotenoids
- Phycobilins
- Xanthophylls
- Chlorophyll (correct)
What process uses ATP and NADPH to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide in chloroplasts?
What process uses ATP and NADPH to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide in chloroplasts?
- Electron transport chain
- Glycolysis
- Calvin cycle (correct)
- Krebs cycle
Which other organelle shares similarities with chloroplasts in terms of containing its own DNA?
Which other organelle shares similarities with chloroplasts in terms of containing its own DNA?
What environmental factors strongly influence the behavior of chloroplasts?
What environmental factors strongly influence the behavior of chloroplasts?
Flashcards
What is the main function of chloroplasts?
What is the main function of chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of sugar.
Which pigment captures light energy in chloroplasts?
Which pigment captures light energy in chloroplasts?
Chlorophyll is a green pigment that absorbs light energy, particularly red and blue wavelengths, and fuels the process of photosynthesis.
What process uses ATP and NADPH to make sugars in chloroplasts?
What process uses ATP and NADPH to make sugars in chloroplasts?
The Calvin cycle, also called the light-independent reactions, uses ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose, a sugar molecule.
Which other organelle shares similarities with chloroplasts?
Which other organelle shares similarities with chloroplasts?
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What environmental factors affect chloroplasts' behavior?
What environmental factors affect chloroplasts' behavior?
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Study Notes
Chloroplast Functions and Characteristics
- Chloroplasts are primarily responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.
- They contain thylakoid membranes where light-dependent reactions occur, leading to the production of ATP and NADPH.
Photosynthetic Pigments
- Chlorophyll is the main pigment in chloroplasts that captures sunlight, playing a crucial role in the photosynthesis process.
- Chlorophyll absorbs light primarily in the blue and red wavelengths while reflecting green light, which is why plants appear green.
Organic Molecule Production
- The Calvin cycle, a process that utilizes ATP and NADPH generated in light-dependent reactions, synthesizes organic molecules from carbon dioxide.
- This cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast and is essential for producing carbohydrates.
Similar Organelles
- Mitochondria share similarities with chloroplasts in that both organelles contain their own DNA and ribosomes, indicative of an evolutionary connection.
- Both organelles are involved in energy conversion processes: chloroplasts convert light energy to chemical energy, while mitochondria convert chemical energy to usable ATP.
Environmental Influence
- Light intensity, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration are key environmental factors that significantly affect chloroplast function and photosynthesis rates.
- Optimal conditions enhance photosynthetic efficiency, whereas extreme conditions can inhibit chloroplast activity.
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